Exploring the Link between Sleep Disorders and Ocular Health: A Comprehensive Clinical Study

Abstract

Background: Sleep disorders and ocular conditions are prevalent health concerns with significant impact on the quality of life. However, the relationship between them remains underexplored. Additionally, therapeutic interventions targeting both sleep and eye health are explored.

Materials and methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 500 participants aged between 30 and 65 years, recruited from an outpatient clinic specializing in sleep disorders and ophthalmology. Participants underwent comprehensive assessments including polysomnography for sleep disorders diagnosis and ophthalmic examinations for ocular condition evaluation. Sleep quality was assessed using standardized questionnaires, while ocular health was evaluated through clinical examination, including measurements of intraocular pressure, tear film break-up time, and retinal imaging. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression models to determine associations between sleep disorders and ocular conditions, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results: Among the participants, 35% were diagnosed with sleep apnea, 25% with insomnia, 20% with dry eye syndrome, 15% with glaucoma, and 10% with diabetic retinopathy. Significant associations were found between sleep disorders and ocular conditions. Participants with sleep apnea were more likely to have dry eye syndrome (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8-3.4, P < 0.001) and glaucoma (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.5, P = 0.002). Similarly, insomnia was associated with dry eye syndrome (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5-3.1, P < 0.001) and diabetic retinopathy (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3, P = 0.012).

Conclusion: This study highlights the significant association between sleep disorders and ocular conditions, suggesting a potential bidirectional relationship.

Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; dry eye syndrome; glaucoma; insomnia; ocular conditions; polysomnography; sleep apnea; sleep disorders; therapeutic interventions.