Impact of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Literature Review

Abstract

The management of heart failure (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes has significantly evolved with the introduction of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. This article aims to consolidate existing knowledge on the efficacy of these inhibitors in managing HF in this patient population. Major medical databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were reviewed, prioritizing research from the last decade. The results of this review highlight the mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors, their clinical benefits, challenges in patient management, and outcomes associated with their use. These medications were found to not only improve glycemic control but also offer significant cardiovascular and renal benefits, reducing cardiovascular mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events. However, challenges and knowledge gaps persist, particularly regarding long-term effects and safety in diverse populations. The conclusions of this review underscore the importance of updating clinical guidelines to incorporate these findings and propose the need for future research to address existing gaps and optimize the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in clinical practice.

Keywords: Cardiovascular benefits; Heart failure; Long-term effects; SGLT2 inhibitors; Type 2 diabetes.