Emergency Department Management of Maxillofacial Trauma

Abstract

Patients with maxillofacial trauma require careful evaluation due to the anatomical proximity of the maxillofacial region to the head and neck. Facial trauma can lead to life-threatening airway compromise or hemorrhage, or permanent facial deformity. Although the Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines provide a framework for the management of trauma patients, they do not provide a detailed reference for many subtle or complex facial injuries. In addition to an overview of maxillofacial trauma pathophysiology, associated injuries, and physical examination, this review will also discuss relevant imaging, treatment, and disposition plans.