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. 2024 Dec;25(8):1228-1237.
doi: 10.1007/s11121-024-01734-2. Epub 2024 Oct 2.

Paternal Incarceration and Adolescent Delinquency: Role of Father Engagement and Early Child Behavior Problems

Abigail J Anderson  1 , Christopher C Henrich  2 , Sylvie Mrug  2
Affiliations

Paternal Incarceration and Adolescent Delinquency: Role of Father Engagement and Early Child Behavior Problems

Abigail J Anderson et al. Prev Sci. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

Paternal incarceration is an important predictor of teen delinquency, but the factors that may explain this relationship-such as early child problem behaviors and level of father engagement-have not been adequately explored. The current longitudinal study examined paternal history of incarceration as a predictor of teen self-reported delinquency over a 15-year gap, considering early child problem behaviors and father engagement as mediators. Sex differences in these relationships were also evaluated. This four-wave longitudinal study included an analytic sample of 4897 teens who participated in the birth-cohort Future of Families and Child Well-Being Study. Mothers and fathers were interviewed shortly after the focal child's birth and were then reassessed in follow-up interviews at child ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15. The focal children were interviewed at ages 9 and 15. Results showed that paternal prior incarceration at year 1 was associated with greater child behavior problems and father engagement at year 5; however, those relationships disappeared by age 9. Paternal history of incarceration was not related to teen delinquency, but child behavior problems at age 9 were directly related to subsequent engagement in delinquent behaviors. Paternal current incarceration was related to subsequent father engagement but was not associated with later child behaviors. No significant indirect pathways emerged, indicating a lack of support for mediation. No sex differences in these relationships were observed. Overall, the findings underscore the complexity of the relationships between paternal incarceration, child behavior, and father engagement in the emergence of delinquent behaviors.

Keywords: Child problem behaviors; Delinquency; Father engagement; Mediation; Paternal incarceration.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethical Standards: This is an observational study utilizing archival with no ethical approval required, as confirmed by the University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Review Board (IRB). Consent to Participate: The study relied on precollected data and involved no contact with participants on the part of the research team. Informed consent was obtained from all individuals who participated in the study by the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study at baseline and at all subsequent waves. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Structural equation model with standardized coefficients. Mediation model. Standardized path coefficients are shown. Solid paths indicate a significant effect; dashed paths are nonsignificant
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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