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Review
. 2025 Jan;102(1):31-43.
doi: 10.1111/cen.15139. Epub 2024 Oct 3.

Adrenal Vein Sampling for Primary Aldosteronism: Recommendations From the Australian and New Zealand Working Group

Jun Yang  1   2 , Damon A Bell  3   4 , Richard Carroll  5 , Cherie Chiang  6 , Diane Cowley  7 , Emma Croker  8 , James C G Doery  2   9 , Marianne Elston  10 , Paul Glendenning  11 , Julie Hetherington  12 , Andrea R Horvath  13 , Shanshan Lu-Shirzad  1 , Elisabeth Ng  1 , Amanda Mather  14 , Nimalie Perera  15 , Muddassir Rashid  16   17 , Nirupa Sachithanandan  18   19 , Jimmy Shen  20 , Michael Stowasser  21 , Michael J Swarbrick  22 , Hong Lin Evelyn Tan  8 , Moe Thuzar  21   23 , Simon Young  24 , Winston Chong  25
Affiliations
Review

Adrenal Vein Sampling for Primary Aldosteronism: Recommendations From the Australian and New Zealand Working Group

Jun Yang et al. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2025 Jan.

Abstract

Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the current recommended procedure for identifying unilateral subtypes of primary aldosteronism (PA), which are amenable to surgery with the potential for cure. AVS is a technically challenging procedure usually undertaken by interventional radiologists at tertiary centres. However, there are numerous variations in AVS protocols relating to patient preparation, sampling techniques and interpretation which may impact the success of AVS and patient care. To reduce practice variations, improve the success rates of AVS and optimise patient outcomes, we established an Australian and New Zealand AVS Working Group and developed evidence-based expert consensus recommendations for the preparation, performance and interpretation of AVS. These recommendations can be used by all healthcare professionals in a multidisciplinary team who look after the diagnosis and management of PA.

Keywords: adrenal vein sampling; conn syndrome; endocrine hypertension; hyperaldosteronism; hypertension; primary aldosteronism; subtyping.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Adrenal vein sampling—plain language information for patients.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Adrenal vein sampling—plain language information for patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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