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. 2024 Sep 18:15:1428625.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1428625. eCollection 2024.

Logistic regression model for predicting risk factors and contribution of cerebral microbleeds using renal function indicators

Xuhui Liu  1 , Zheng Pan  2 , Yilan Li  3 , Xiaoyong Huang  4 , Xiner Zhang  5 , Feng Xiong  2
Affiliations

Logistic regression model for predicting risk factors and contribution of cerebral microbleeds using renal function indicators

Xuhui Liu et al. Front Neurol. .

Abstract

Background: The brain and kidneys share similar low-resistance microvascular structures, receiving blood at consistently high flow rates and thus, are vulnerable to blood pressure fluctuations. This study investigates the causative factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), aiming to quantify the contribution of each risk factor by constructing a multivariate model via stepwise regression.

Methods: A total of 164 hospitalized patients were enrolled from January 2022 to March 2023 in this study, employing magnetic susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to assess the presence of CMBs. The presence of CMBs in patients was determined by SWI, and history, renal function related to CMBs were analyzed.

Results: Out of 164 participants in the safety analysis, 36 (21.96%) exhibited CMBs and 128 (78.04%) did not exhibit CMBs, and the median age of the patients was 66 years (range: 49-86 years). Multivariate logistic regression identified hypertension (OR = 13.95%, 95% CI: 4.52, 50.07%), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06-2.40), cystatin C (CyC) (OR = 4.90, 95% CI: 1.20-22.16), and urinary β-2 microglobulin, (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.45-3.49) as significant risk factors for CMBs. The marginal R-square ( R M 2 ) was 0.25. Among all determinants, hypertension (47.81%) had the highest weight, followed by UN (11.42%). Quasi-curves plotted using the bootstrap method (999 times) showed good agreement between the predictive model and actual observations.

Conclusion: Hypertension, BUN, urinary β-2 microglobulin, CyC were risk factors for CMBs morbidity, and controlling the above indicators within a reasonable range will help to reduce the incidence of CMBs.

Keywords: cerebral microbleeds; contribution; hypertension; renal function indicators; risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of patient selection and study design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age distribution of patients with and without CMBs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Bar chart of two groups. (A) Stacked bar chart of percentages between two groups. (B) Counting stacked bar chart in two groups of population.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Results from the optimized multivariate model of CMBs morbidity.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Calibration curves of the optimized multivariate model for predicting predict the probability of CMBs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Distribution of CMBs across systolic blood pressure categories.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for urinary β-2 microglobulin in predicting CMBs.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Nomogram for predicting CMBs risk based on renal function indicators and hypertension.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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