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Case Reports
. 2025 Aug;137(15-16):517-519.
doi: 10.1007/s00508-024-02451-0. Epub 2024 Oct 4.

S100 as marker for immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome

Axel Schulenburg  1   2 , Lina Z Rüsing  3 , Armin Bumberger  3 , Margit Mitterbauer  3 , Werner Rabitsch  3
Affiliations
Case Reports

S100 as marker for immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome

Axel Schulenburg et al. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2025 Aug.

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a new and successful treatment for otherwise refractory malignancies but despite the growing number of applications, this form of treatment is still associated with significant toxicity. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) in particular are common and dangerous side effects. This report is about two patients who received CAR‑T cell therapy and subsequently developed ICANS. This was successfully treated. During CAR‑T cell therapy, a blood marker, S100, was monitored daily. It correlated with the occurrence and progression of ICANS.

Keywords: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy; Marker; Neurology; Side effects; Toxicity.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: A. Schulenburg, L.Z. Rüsing, A. Bumberger, M. Mitterbauer and W. Rabitsch declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
S100 over time for patient 1. Normal range: S100 < 0.105 µg/l
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
S100 over time for patient 2. Normal range: S100 < 0.105 µg/l
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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