All authors have had an unpaid leadership or fiduciary role for the Endoscopic Cardiac Surgeons Club. HB reports receiving consulting fees from Intuitive Surgical and payment or honoraria from Edwards Lifesciences and Corcym, and had an unpaid leadership or fiduciary role for ISMICS. JK reports receiving payment or honoraria from Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Artivion, and Abbott, and had an unpaid leadership or fiduciary role for EACTS and ISMICS. MCS reports receiving payment or honoraria from Edwards Lifesciences and Artivion. PP had an unpaid leadership or fiduciary role for European Association of Cardiothoracic surgery. JZ reports receiving consulting fees from Cambridge Medical Robotics and Intuitive Surgical; payment or honoraria from Edwards Lifesciences, Abbott, Medtronic, and Terumo; support for attending meetings or travel from LSI; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Artivion; and an unpaid leadership or fiduciary role for the British and Irish society of Minimally Invasive surgeons. All other authors declare no competing interests.