Pattern recognition of multiple metal ions using fluorescent Perylenyl nanoaggregates and application in food traceability

Abstract

Metal ions (MIs) identification is essential for the safety assessment, traceability and authentication of food. Most current approaches for detecting MIs are difficult to reconcile the simplicity, sensitivity and stability simultaneously. In this work, we proposed a novel strategy for discriminating MIs based on fluorescent supramolecular nanoaggregates (SNAs). In the presence of MI, perylene diimide derivatives (PDI)-based SNAs could be formed through the multiple non-covalent interactions between them including electrostatic, coordination and π-π interactions. With the assistance of discriminant analysis (LDA), different MIs (Hg²⁺, Ag⁺, Cd²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cr³⁺, Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺) were successfully identified at three different concentration levels. It featured good quantitative sensing abilities in buffer solutions and practical samples. Furthermore, a water-quality evaluation model was successfully constructed for the distinction of different sources of drinking water, and the fluorescence array sensor technology was applied for the first time to the geographical traceability of apples.

Keywords: Fluorescence; Food traceability; Metal ion; Perylenyl nanoaggregates; Sensor array; Simultaneous discrimination.