The effect of energy substrate manipulation on tumor growth and metastasis and intermediary metabolism in the parenterally fed mouse

Abstract

The effect of N-free energy substrate manipulation on tumor growth and metastasis, host maintenance, and intermediary metabolism was studied in parenterally fed Swiss mice bearing subcutaneously implanted Lewis lung carcinoma. Non-N energy was provided from dextrose (CHO), lipid emulsion (FAT), or a 75:25 balanced (BAL) solution, infused from day 14 through day 22 postimplant. Control mice were offered equivalent energy and N from a balanced, casein-based solid diet (CAS). Tumor-doubling time was significantly prolonged in the CHO group compared to FAT and CAS. Pulmonary metastatic nodules were decreased in number in all parenterally fed mice compared to CAS, suggesting that the route of administration altered pulmonary physiology in such a way that the transmissability and/or growth of the tumor cells was inhibited. Tumor-free body weight was maintained in the CHO (+ 1.3%) and BAL (+ 0.3%) groups. However, significant weight loss occurred, despite equal intake, in the FAT (-4.7%) and CAS (-7.5%) groups. The energy appeared to be channeled into nonoxidative pathways, reflected by an increase in hepatic and adipose tissue lipogenesis and hepatic glycogen content. During the period studied, parenteral dextrose/amino acid infusion in this host-tumor system resulted in a decrease in primary tumor growth and optimal host maintenance compared to fat-based TPN and enteral feeding of a balanced, solid diet. Tumor metastasis was decreased in all parenterally fed mice, a phenomenon related to the route of administration and apparently independent of energy substrate.