Antioxidant properties of allium turcicum Özhatay & cowley plant extract, its effects on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells

Abstract

Cancer is a type of non-communicable disease that is responsible for numerous deaths worldwide. Cancer incidence and mortality rates are on the rise due to a combination of factors, such as a growing population, aging, and poor dietary habits. The Allium turcicum Özhatay & Cowley plant is an endemic plant in the area where it grows and is consumed by the public due to its various benefits. This endemic plant, which generally grows in high-altitude regions, is sold in bunches because it is costly, mixed with rock salt, crushed into powder, and consumed as a spice. The cytotoxic and growth-inhibitory effects of A. turcicum Özhatay & Cowley herb extract on human glioblastoma U373 cells, human colorectal carcinoma cell HCT-116, and healthy HUVEC cell lines were determined by the MTT method. After 24 and 48 h of application, logIC₅₀ values in HUVEC, HCT-116, and U373 cells were defined as 3.737, 3.765; 3.513, 3.696, 4.476, and 4.104 μg/mL, respectively. We conducted a cell migration experiment to study the A. turcicum Özhatay & Cowley Extract (ATÖCE) impact on cancer cells' metastatic behavior. Our findings indicate that ATÖCE has an inhibitory effect on the migration potential of the cells used in the study. We conducted experiments using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and total phenolic content to assess the antioxidant properties of ATÖCE. The findings from the antioxidant activity experiments revealed an activity level of 0.20 ± 0.046 at IC₅₀. Additionally, the total phenolic content was measured to be 0.26 ± 0.044 mg GAE/g.

Keywords: Allium turcicum Özhatay & Cowley; Cytotoxicity; cancer; cell viability; glioblastoma; migration.

FIGURE 1

Morphological view of Allium turcicum Özhatay & Cowley; (A) after flowering (B) the collected parts before flowering.

FIGURE 2

Cell viability percentages of ATÖCE (24 and 48 h). The effect of ATÖCE was concentration and time-dependent in both cell lines. *P < 0.05 compared to their control groups.

FIGURE 3

logIC₅₀ of ATÖCE (24 and 48 h).

FIGURE 4

Antimigration effect of ATÖCE on healthy and cancer cell lines. We analyzed the effect of ATÖCE on the migration of HUVEC, HCT-116, and U373 cells by conducting a wound-healing assay. The cells were incubated with or without ATÖCE for 48 h and then observed under an inverted microscope at 24 and 48 h to see the cells that had migrated into the cavity. The black lines indicate the boundary of the blank area (Kocyigit et al., 2016).

FIGURE 5

Scratch closure rate of ATÖCE on healthy and cancer cell lines at 24 and 48 h. After 24 and 48 h of incubation, there was a noticeable decrease in the migration of cells to the wound site (*p < 0.01, **p < 0.01 compared to their control groups).

FIGURE 6

Gallic acid calibration chart.

FIGURE 7

Troloks calibration chart.