Utilization of birth companionship and its associated factors among laboring mothers during facilities birth in sub-Saharan Africa. Systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Birth companionship is one strategy for improving maternal and neonatal quality of care, as well as their outcomes. It is a low-cost and effective care that provide mothers with evidence-based practices throughout labor and delivery in health facilities. WHO has suggested that birth companionship can be given by a family member, spouse, friend, and doula. They support laboring mothers by offering comfort via touch, massage, warm baths, encouraging mobility, promoting fluid intake and output, supplying information about the status of labor and suggestions for coping strategies, and providing a communication channel between mothers and their caregivers that helps to reduce mother and newborn mortality on a globally and regionally. Despite this benefit, no systematic review and meta-analysis studies have been conducted on this topic in study area. Therefore, this study may give the pooled utilization and associated factors of birth companionship among laboring mothers during facility birth in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods and materials: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines. Data base such as PubMed with Medline, Cochrane library, direct science, google scholar and different gray works of literature/email were used on the utilization of birth companionship and associated factors of studies from 2010 to 2023 in sub-Saharan Africa. A weighted inverse variance random effect model with DerSimonian-Laird method was used to estimate pooled utilization of birth companionship Cochrane Q-test, I ², and p-value were computed to detect heterogeneity. Egger test and funnel plot were used to detect the evidence of publication bias. We did subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta regression to identify source heterogeneity. The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO database "CRD42024503048."

Results: In sub-Saharan Africa, laboring mothers giving delivery in a facility utilized birth companionship at a rate of 34% (95% CI: 26-42, I ² = 98.90%, p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that South Africa had the largest pooled utilization of birth companionship (49%), while Rwanda had the lowest (14.5%). Having ANC (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.66-3.73, I ² = 10.36%), having an obstetric complication (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.69-3.4, I ² = 0%), desiring birth companionship (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.17-3.74, I ² = 38.46%), and being prime para (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.83-3.19, I ² = 0%) were significantly associated with pooled utilization of birth companionship.

Conclusions: There is low pooled utilization of birth companionship among laboring mothers giving delivery in an institution in sub-Saharan Africa. Factors linked to the use of birth companionship included being primipara, having antenatal care, having complications during pregnancy, and desiring companionship. The management team and healthcare personnel must take the initiative to educate mothers during antenatal care about the benefits of having a birth companion.

Keywords: Birth companionship; facilities birth; factors; laboring mothers; sub-Saharan Africa; systematic and meta-analysis.

Figure 1.

Flow-chart of studies selection.

Figure 2.

Forest plot shows the pooled utilization of birth companionship of laboring mothers during facilities birth in sub-Saharan Africa.

Figure 3.

Funnel plot with 95% confidence limits of the pooled utilization of birth companionship of laboring mothers during health facility birth in sub-Saharan Africa.

Figure 4.

The sensitivity analysis on utilization of birth companionship of laboring mothers during facilities birth in SSA.

Figure 5.

Forest plot shows the association between antenatal care and utilization of birth companionship of laboring mothers during facility birth in sub-Saharan Africa.

Figure 6.

Forest plot shows the association between desire to have birth companionship with pooled utilization of birth companionship of laboring mothers during facility birth in SSA.

Figure 7.

Forest plot shows the association between obstetric complication of current pregnancy and utilization of birth companionship during facility birth in SSA.

Figure 8.

Forest plot shows the association between being prim para and utilization of birth companionship of laboring mothers during facility birth in sub-Saharan Africa.