Wood Cell Wall Nanoengineering toward Anisotropic, Strong, and Flexible Cellulosic Hydrogel Sensors

Abstract

Achieving highly ionic conductive hydrogels from natural wood remains challenging owing to their insufficient surface area and low number of active sites on the cell wall. This study proposes a viable strategy to design a strong and anisotropic wood-based hydrogel through cell wall nanoengineering. By manipulating the microstructure of the wood cell wall, a flexible cellulosic hydrogel is achieved through Schiff base bonding via the polyacrylamide and cellulose molecular chains. This results in excellent flexibility and mechanical properties of the wood hydrogel with tensile strengths of 22.3 and 6.1 MPa in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively. Moreover, confining aqueous salt electrolytes within the porous structure gives anisotropic ionic conductivities (19.5 and 6.02 S/m in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively). The wood-based hydrogel sensor has a favorable sensitivity and a stable working performance at a low temperature of -25 °C in monitoring human motions, thereby demonstrating great potential applications in wearable sensor devices.

Keywords: cell wall nanoengineering; cellulose nanofiber; flexible hydrogel; wearable sensor; wood nanotechnology.