Characteristics of black bear-related trauma: A retrospective observational study

Abstract

Aim: Bear-related trauma is a significant concern in Japan. This study identified trauma patterns, outcomes, and therapeutic approaches for bear-related injuries treated.

Methods: This retrospective observational study used medical records from Akita University Hospital, focusing on patients with bear-related trauma in 2023. Demographic data, injury details, treatment procedures, and outcomes were extracted.

Results: The study included 20 patients (median age: 74.5 years, 65% males). Most injuries occurred in human habitats, mainly in autumn, with the face being the most affected area (90%). Three patients required emergency transfusions and tracheal intubation. Emergency surgery was performed in 52.6% of patients, and 42.1% were admitted to the intensive care unit. All patients survived with a median hospital stay of 17 days. However, 15.8% of patients had significant sequelae, such as blindness. Despite prophylactic antibiotics, wound infections occurred in 21.1% of patients, particularly in deep wounds that were not adequately washed under general anesthesia.

Conclusions: Bear-related trauma often results in severe upper-body injuries that require prompt medical intervention. These findings highlight the need for improved preventive measures and strategies for initial treatment and long-term care.

Keywords: animal bites; facial injuries; multiple trauma; wound infection; wounds and injuries.

FIGURE 1

Distribution of bear‐related trauma by month and time of day. Distribution of the month of injury by the bear (A) and time of incidence (B).

FIGURE 2

Distribution of injury sites in patients with bear‐related trauma. The percentages of patients with injuries at each site were calculated (n = 20). This figure highlights the high prevalence of facial and upper extremity injuries in the patient population.