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. 2024 Oct 7;14(43):31694-31703.
doi: 10.1039/d4ra05587j. eCollection 2024 Oct 1.

Sustained antibacterial release of zwitterionic globular hyperbranched polymer dots intercalated into layered double hydroxides

Chun-Kuei Liu  1 , Fang-Yi Su  1 , Tzong-Yuan Juang  2 , Yung-Chuan Liu  1
Affiliations

Sustained antibacterial release of zwitterionic globular hyperbranched polymer dots intercalated into layered double hydroxides

Chun-Kuei Liu et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

This study introduces zwitterionic hyperbranched polymer (HBP) dots intercalated into layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for sustained antibacterial release. The proposed zwitterionic HBPs possess a three-dimensional spherical structure; unconventional blue fluorescent luminescence; water solubility; abundant COOH, amine, and amide functional groups; anionic exchangeability for intercalating into LDH interlayers; and sustained-release antibacterial activity. The intercalation for the layered nanomaterials was determined by adding different weight ratios of HBPs to Mg-Al LDHs to investigate the changes in the interlayer distance. X-ray diffraction revealed that the LDH layer spacing increased from 8.6 to 25.5 Å, effectively expanding the interlayer spacing with increasing HBP intercalation. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the functional groups of the intercalated nanohybrids. Because the peripheral functional groups of HBPs are amino (-NH2) groups, preliminary evaluations revealed that pristine HBPs exhibited antibacterial properties. We further examined the antibacterial properties of the HBP/LDH nanohybrids. The results showed that HBPs combined with LDHs' controllable release properties can effectively achieve long-term sustained antibacterial release.

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Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors have conflicts of interests relevant to this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. XRD patterns of (a) pristine LDHs and HBP/LDH = (b) 1/2, (c) 1/1, and (d) 2/1.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Schematic of (a) HBP chemical structure and (b) HBP intercalation of LDHs.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. FTIR spectra of (a) pristine LDHs and HBP/LDH = (b) 1/2, (c) 1/1, and (d) 2/1.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Photoluminescence of HBP/LDH = (a) 2/1; (b) 1/1; (c) 1/2 solutions.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. TEM images of HBP/LDH = (a) 2/1; (b) 1/1; (c) 1/2.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Inhibition zones of (a, c and e) pristine HBPs and (b, d and f) HBP/LDH at different HBP/LDH weight ratios at days (a and b) 1; (c and d) 3; (e and f) 5.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. The relationship between HBP concentration and their corresponding inhibition zone area as function of Y = 21.0X + 170.0.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. Effects of HBP/LDH = 2/1 on skin HaCaT cell viability.
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