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. 2023 May 15:4:fitd.2023.1146138.
doi: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1146138.

Molecular diagnosis and genotyping of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Maesot and Chiangrai, Thailand

Artharee Rungrojn  1 , Elizabeth M Batty  1   2 , Carlo Perrone  1   2 , Mohammad Yazid Abdad  1   2 , Tri Wangrangsimakul  1   2 , Tobias Brummaier  3   4   5 , Rose McGready  2   3 , Nicholas P J Day  1   2 , Stuart D Blacksell  1   2
Affiliations

Molecular diagnosis and genotyping of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Maesot and Chiangrai, Thailand

Artharee Rungrojn et al. Front Trop Dis. .

Abstract

Introduction: Scrub typhus is a neglected tropical disease with an estimated 1 million cases annually. The Asia-Pacific region is an endemic area for scrub typhus, especially in Thailand.

Methods: Between June 2018 and December 2019, 31 patients with acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) were recruited for clinical trials and tested positive by a scrub typhus IgM RDT.

Results: Of the 17 buffy coat patient samples tested by 47kDa real-time PCR and 56kDa type-specific antigen (TSA) nested PCR, 94% (16/17) were positive, and of the 11 patients that presented with eschar lesions, 100% (11/11) of the eschar samples were confirmed positive. Genetic analysis of the 560 bp partial 56-kDa TSA gene demonstrated that most Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot) infections were with Karp, Gilliam, Taiwan, P23, and CM606-like strains.

Discussion: This is the second occasion that the CM606-like and P23-like strains were reported in northern Thailand (first reported in 2011 and 2013, respectively). This study demonstrates that 1) the eschar remains the most reliable biological sample for PCR diagnosis of scrub typhus and 2) Northwestern Thailand has significant diversity of Ot strains, which underlines the requirement for ongoing surveillance to increase our understanding of Ot diversity to ensure accurate diagnostics and treatment.

Keywords: Orientia tsutsugamushi; acute undifferentiated fever (AUF) patients; eschar; northern Thailand; scrub typhus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Unrooted phylogenetic reconstruction of the partial 56kDa TSA gene using the maximum likelihood method based on the Tamura 3-parameter model. The tree topology is drawn to scale, with branch lengths indicating the number of substitutions per site. Bootstrap values higher than 70% are indicated. Samples sequenced in this study are in blue bold.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Geographical distribution of O. tsutsugamushi genotypes in Chiang Rai (blue) and Tak (Maroon) Province, Thailand. The circle diagram represents the percentage of Ot strains found in the study area (created using Power BI desktop).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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