Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2412376.
doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2412376. Epub 2024 Oct 8.

Gut microbiome therapy: fecal microbiota transplantation vs live biotherapeutic products

Do-Yeon Kim  1 , So-Yeon Lee  1 , Jae-Yun Lee  1 , Tae Woong Whon  2 , June-Young Lee  1   3 , Che Ok Jeon  4 , Jin-Woo Bae  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Gut microbiome therapy: fecal microbiota transplantation vs live biotherapeutic products

Do-Yeon Kim et al. Gut Microbes. 2024 Jan-Dec.

Abstract

The human intestine hosts a complex ecosystem of various microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiome, which significantly impacts human health. Disruptions in the gut microbiome are linked to various disorders, including gastrointestinal diseases, such as Clostridioides difficile infection and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as metabolic, neurological, oncologic conditions. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) have emerged as prospective therapeutic procedures to restore microbial and metabolic balance in the gut. This review assesses the latest advancements, challenges, and therapeutic efficacy of FMT and LBPs, highlighting the need for standardization, safety, and long-term evaluation to optimize their clinical application.

Keywords: CDI; FMT; Gut microbiome; IBD; LBP; cancer; dysbiosis; metabolic disorders; neurological disorders.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The process of the production of FMT and LBPs.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Challenges of FMT, LBP, and both therapies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Qin J, Li R, Raes J, Arumugam M, Burgdorf KS, Manichanh C, Nielsen T, Pons N, Levenez F, Yamada T, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature. 2010;464(7285):59–23. doi:10.1038/nature08821. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI.. The human microbiome project. Nature. 2007;449(7164):804–810. doi:10.1038/nature06244. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Milani C, Duranti S, Bottacini F, Casey E, Turroni F, Mahony J, Belzer C, Delgado Palacio S, Arboleya Montes S, Mancabelli L, et al. The first microbial colonizers of the human gut: composition, activities, and health implications of the infant gut microbiota. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2017;81(4):81. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00036-17. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature. 2012;489(7415):220–230. doi:10.1038/nature11550. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, Trehan I, Dominguez-Bello MG, Contreras M, Magris M, Hidalgo G, Baldassano RN, Anokhin AP, et al. Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature. 2012;486(7402):222–227. doi:10.1038/nature11053. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources