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. 2024 Nov;30(11):2391-2395.
doi: 10.3201/eid3011.241031. Epub 2024 Oct 8.

Dengue Outbreak Caused by Multiple Virus Serotypes and Lineages, Colombia, 2023-2024

Nathan D Grubaugh, Daniela Torres-Hernández, Mónica A Murillo-Ortiz, Diana M Dávalos, Pio Lopez, Isabel C Hurtado, Mallery I Breban, Ellie Bourgikos, Verity Hill, Eduardo López-Medina

Dengue Outbreak Caused by Multiple Virus Serotypes and Lineages, Colombia, 2023-2024

Nathan D Grubaugh et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Nov.

Abstract

Dengue cases rose to record levels during 2023-2024. We investigated dengue in Valle del Cauca, Colombia, to determine if specific virus serotypes or lineages caused its large outbreak. We detected all 4 serotypes and multiple lineages, suggesting that factors such as climatic conditions were likely responsible for increased dengue in Colombia.

Keywords: Colombia; Dengue; lineages; mosquitoborne diseases; outbreak; phylogenetics; sequencing; serotypes; vector-borne infections; viruses.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cases in a study of multiple virus serotypes and lineages during dengue outbreak, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 2023–2024. A) Monthly dengue cases reported by Valle del Cauca State Health Department in Colombia. Samples from confirmed dengue cases (n = 266) diagnosed at Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia. B) Number of cases per month by serotype during 2023–2024 period of increased dengue outbreaks. Serotypes detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Samples with viral levels below detection limit are labeled unknown. C) DENV lineage by amplicon-based sequencing listed by serotype, genotype, and lineage. DENV, dengue virus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Time-resolved maximum-likelihood phylogeny of DENV-1 detected during an investigation of multiple virus serotypes and lineages during dengue outbreak, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 2023–2024. The tree includes global DENV-1 sequences downloaded from GenBank and was constructed by using IQ-TREE (http://www.iqtree.org). A) Full reconstruction of 1,007 DENV-1 sequences from 1944–2024 colored by sampling location. B) Detail of the DENV-1V_D clade highlighting sequences from Valle del Cauca, Colombia (black) from 2023 through mid-2024. DENV, dengue virus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Time-resolved maximum-likelihood phylogeny of DENV-2 detected during an investigation of multiple virus serotypes and lineages during dengue outbreak, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 2023–2024. The tree includes global DENV-2 sequences downloaded from GenBank and was constructed by using IQ-TREE (http://www.iqtree.org). A) Full reconstruction of 965 DENV-2 sequences from 1964­–2024 colored by sampling location. B) Detail of the DENV-2III_D.2 clade highlighting sequences from Valle del Cauca, Colombia (black) from 2023 through mid-2024. C) Detail of DENV-2II_F.1.1.2 clades highlighting sequences from Valle del Cauca, Colombia (black) from 2023 through mid-2024. DENV, dengue virus.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Time-resolved maximum-likelihood phylogeny of DENV-3 detected in an investigation of multiple virus serotypes and lineages during dengue outbreak, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 2023–2024. The tree includes global DENV-3 sequences downloaded from GenBank and was constructed by using IQ-TREE (http://www.iqtree.org). A) Full reconstruction of 542 DENV-3 sequences from 1964 through 2024 colored by sampling location. B) Detail of the DENV-3III_C.1 clade highlighting sequences from Valle del Cauca, Colombia (black) from 2023 through mid-2024.
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