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Review
. 2025 Jul 1;149(7):679-687.
doi: 10.5858/arpa.2024-0164-RA.

Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Updated Classifications and Current Diagnosis and Treatment Challenges

Zaina Inam  1 , Miao Pan  2   3 , Yaser Diab  4   5 , Reuven Schore  6   5 , Anant Vatsayan  7   5 , Jinjun Cheng  1   2   3
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Updated Classifications and Current Diagnosis and Treatment Challenges

Zaina Inam et al. Arch Pathol Lab Med. .
Free article

Abstract

Context.—: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are rare in children and have unique clinical manifestations and implications.

Objective.—: To review the clinical features, pathogenesis, and classification of pediatric MDS.

Data sources.—: Published literature and personal experience.

Conclusions.—: Pediatric MDS vastly differs from adult MDS. Evaluation for the presence of an underlying germline predisposition syndrome is critical for optimal classification and management. Because of the rarity of cases, resources to aid with the recognition, diagnosis, and management of pediatric MDS are limited, and multi-institutional collaborative studies are needed for the future.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no relevant financial interest in the products or companies described in this article.

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