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. 2024 Oct 9;24(1):395.
doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03527-7.

An investigative study on Yersinia enterocolitica in animals, humans and dried milk in New Valley Governorate, Egypt

Sotohy A Sotohy  1 , Mohamed Said Diab  2 , Rania M Ewida  3 , Allaa Aballah  4 , Nehal K Alm Eldin  4
Affiliations

An investigative study on Yersinia enterocolitica in animals, humans and dried milk in New Valley Governorate, Egypt

Sotohy A Sotohy et al. BMC Microbiol. .

Abstract

Background: Yersiniosis is one of the most significant intestinal disorders caused by Yersinia enterocolitica and affects both humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in New Valley Governorate, Egypt in animals, humans, fresh milk and dried milk. Additionally, this study analyzed the presence of virulence genes, including ail and Yst in tested isolates and conducted a phylogenetic analysis to determine the genetic similarity between human, and animal Y. enterocolitica isolates. Finally, the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolates were examined.

Results: Among the 982 samples examined, the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica based on ISO10273-2017 was 11.7% in animal samples including 12.8% of animal faeces, and 10.4% in milk samples. Moreover, the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica was 13.2% in human stool, and 9.5% in dried milk samples. The molecular characterization of the six randomly selected isolates showed that the 16S rRNA, ail and Yst genes were found in 50, 33.3 and 100% of the examined Y. enterocolitica isolates, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of animal and human isolates based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed a high degree of similarity between the isolates. All the tested animal and human Y. enterocolitica isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin and cefotaxime, but highly sensitive to norfloxacin.

Conclusions: The high prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in animal and human samples with high degrees of genetic similarity poses a threat to public and animal health. Animal faeces, milk and milk powder represent the main sources of Y. enterocolitica infection in humans. Additionally, high levels of antibiotic resistance of Y. enterocolitica can cause public health hazards by leading to the failure of disease prevention and treatment programs in humans and animals.

Keywords: 16S rRNA; Ail; Yst gene; Antibiotic resistance; Cattle Yersinia enterocolitica; Genetic similarity; Zoonoses.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Phylogenetic tree of human and animal Y. enterocolitica isolates based on 16 s rRNA gene
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
File distance of human and animal Y. enterocolitica isolates based on 16srRNA gene sequencing
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified 16srRNA of Y. enterocolitica gene
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified ail and Yst gene
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The locations of the study areas: New Valley Governorate, Egypt
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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