KRas4b-Calmodulin Interaction with Membrane Surfaces: Role of Headgroup, Acyl Chain, and Electrostatics

Abstract

KRas4b is a small plasma membrane-bound G-protein that regulates signal transduction pathways. The interaction of KRas4b with the plasma membrane is governed by both its basic C-terminus, which is farnesylated and methylated, and the lipid composition of the membrane itself. The signaling activity of KRas4b is intricately related to its interaction with various binding partners at the plasma membrane, underlining the critical role played by the lipid environment. The calcium-binding protein calmodulin binds farnesylated KRas4b and plays an important role in the dynamic spatial cycle of KRas4b trafficking in the cell. We utilize Biolayer Interferometry to assay the role of lipid headgroup, chain length, and electrostatics in the dissociation kinetics of fully post-translationally modified KRas4b from Nanodisc bilayers with defined lipid compositions. Our results suggest that calmodulin promotes the dissociation of KRas4b from an anionic membrane, with a comparatively slower displacement of KRas4b from PIP2 relative to PS containing bilayers. In addition to this headgroup dependence, KRas4b dissociation appears to be slower from Nanodiscs wherein the lipid composition contains mismatched, unsaturated acyl chains as compared to lipids with a matched acyl chain length. These findings contribute to understanding the role of the lipid composition in the binding of KRas4b and release from lipid bilayers, showing that the overall charge of the bilayer, the identity of the headgroups present, and the length and saturation of the acyl chains play key roles in KRas4b release from the membrane, potentially providing insights in targeting Ras-membrane interactions for therapeutic interventions.