Long-term mortality outcomes and mortality predictors in patients with myelomeningocele

Abstract

Objective: Despite advances, myelomeningocele remains a major cause of mortality and disability. This study aims to analyze factors influencing mortality and suggest ways to reduce it.

Methods: We reviewed 173 patients who underwent surgery for myelomeningocele from January 2010 to December 2021. Variables affecting mortality were categorized into patient-related and indirectly related factors. Data were collected through patient file reviews and phone interviews with parents.

Results: Mortality is influenced by multiple factors: female gender (3.2-fold increase), paraplegia (3.1-fold increase), absence of tethered cord release surgery (9.4-fold increase), scoliosis (4.2-fold increase), and renal failure (5.28-fold increase). Defect size and father's education level also significantly impact mortality. The overall mortality rate was 20.8 %, with hydrocephalus being the leading cause.

Conclusion: Mortality and disability in myelomeningocele patients remain high, with over 50 % of deaths being preventable. Effective management could significantly improve mortality rates. Long-term studies are crucial for advancing research in this field.

Keywords: Long-term outcome; Mortality predictors; Mortality rates; Myelomeningocele.