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Review
. 2024 Oct 9;23(1):226.
doi: 10.1186/s12943-024-02141-5.

Advances and applications of RNA vaccines in tumor treatment

Ruohan Yang  1 , Jiuwei Cui  2
Affiliations
Review

Advances and applications of RNA vaccines in tumor treatment

Ruohan Yang et al. Mol Cancer. .

Abstract

Compared to other types of tumor vaccines, RNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional vaccine therapy due to their high efficiency, rapid development capability, and potential for low-cost manufacturing and safe drug delivery. RNA vaccines mainly include mRNA, circular RNA (circRNA), and Self-amplifying mRNA(SAM). Different RNA vaccine platforms for different tumors have shown encouraging results in animal and human models. This review comprehensively describes the advances and applications of RNA vaccines in antitumor therapy. Future directions for extending this promising vaccine platform to a wide range of therapeutic uses are also discussed.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Mechanisms of action of different vaccines. RIG-I: retinoic acid-inducible gene I; MDA5: melanoma differentiation-related gene 5; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; cGAS: Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. IRF: interferon-regulating factor APC: antigen-presenting cell; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; TCR: T-cell receptor. TLR: TLR: toll-like receptor
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The Mechanisms of different types of RNA vaccines. It compares the mRNA, self-amplifying mRNA, circRNA, and antisense oligonucleotides vaccine pathways for antitumor effect
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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