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. 2024 Aug 30:60:96-104.
doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.08.019. eCollection 2025 Feb.

Countermovement jump and vertical hop demonstrate braking/deceleration and performance alterations after ACL reconstruction with BMA, DBM, and suture tape augmentation

J Groves  1 , J M Keefer  2 , J Peterson  1 , R Hamrick  1 , T E Hewett  3 , C Lavender  3
Affiliations

Countermovement jump and vertical hop demonstrate braking/deceleration and performance alterations after ACL reconstruction with BMA, DBM, and suture tape augmentation

J Groves et al. J Orthop. .

Abstract

Objectives: This study evaluated countermovement jump and Single Leg Jump measures to identify landing measures that best distinguish a novel Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction technique using bone marrow aspirate, demineralized bone matrix, and suture tape augmentation patients from controls. The secondary objective assessed performance differences between operated and non-operated limbs post-reconstruction. The hypothesis was that novel Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction patients at return to sport would not differ from controls during landing and that the operated limb's performance would not differ from the unoperated limb.

Methods: The study included 31 patients with the novel reconstruction technique matched with controls in a 1:10 ratio based on age, sex, weight, and height. Both groups underwent screening and were compared during a Countermovement Jump. Using a Sparta Science Force Platform, each patient's unoperated and operated limbs were also compared for Single Leg Jump post-op (6.5 months).

Results: Test patients showed no difference in center of pressure during landing of both jumps compared to controls (P=0.27) and the uninvolved limb (P=0.26). Test patients exhibited increased braking impulse relative to the uninvolved limb during Single Leg Jump (P<0.001). Deceleration upon landing of Countermovement Jump was also increased compared to controls (P<0.001). Test patients demonstrated slower concentric time during a Countermovement Jump compared to controls (P=0.03) and significantly slower compared to the uninjured leg (P<0.001). Countermovement Jump height was decreased compared to controls (P<0.001). Single-leg jump height was decreased in the injured limb compared to the uninjured limb (P<0.001).

Conclusions: Test patients did not show significant differences in landing motion compared to controls or the uninvolved leg. However, power and performance alterations were evident at Return to Sport after reconstruction. Although these results are quite promising, they may be too preliminary to draw definitive conclusions. Double and single-legged assessments should be considered in return-to-sport decision-making.

Keywords: Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Biomechanics; Countermovement Jump; Internal Brace; Sports Medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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