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Review
. 2024 Oct;41(10):e15953.
doi: 10.1111/echo.15953.

Noninvasive Assessment in Takotsubo Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge

Sara Amicone  1   2 , Andrea Impellizzeri  1   2 , Francesco Pio Tattilo  1   2 , Khrystyna Ryabenko  1   2 , Claudio Asta  1   2 , Rebecca Belà  1   2 , Nicole Suma  1   2 , Lisa Canton  1   2 , Damiano Fedele  1   2 , Davide Bertolini  1   2 , Francesca Bodega  1   2 , Daniele Cavallo  1   2 , Virginia Marinelli  1   2 , Mariachiara Ciarlantini  1   2 , Giuseppe Pastore  1   2 , Ornella Di Iuorio  1   2 , Marcello Casuso Alvarez  1   2 , Leonardo Luca Bavuso  1   2 , Jessica Salerno  1   2 , Nicolò Vasumini  1   2 , Angelo Maida  1   2 , Matteo Armillotta  1   2 , Francesco Angeli  1   2 , Angelo Sansonetti  1   2 , Luca Bergamaschi  1   2 , Alberto Foà  1   2 , Angelo Squeri  3 , Gianni Dall'Ara  2   4 , Carmine Pizzi  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Noninvasive Assessment in Takotsubo Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge

Sara Amicone et al. Echocardiography. 2024 Oct.

Abstract

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a transient left ventricular dysfunction whose diagnosis can be challenging due to its resemblance to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Despite the growing recognition of TTS, acute complications and long-term mortality rates are comparable to those observed in AMI patients. In this context, a systematic diagnostic approach is imperative for an accurate patient assessment, with due consideration of the distinctive characteristics and optimal timing of each imaging modality. Coronary angiography with ventriculography may be reserved for cases presenting with ST-segment elevation, whereas in all other cases, the use of multimodality noninvasive imaging allows for a comprehensive evaluation of typical diagnostic features and detection of acute complications while also providing prognostic insights. The aim of this review is to evaluate the current research on non-invasive modalities and to propose a diagnostic algorithm that will facilitate the identification and management of TTS.

Keywords: Takotsubo syndrome; cardiac magnetic resonance; cardiovascular imaging; echocardiography; nuclear medicine.

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References

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