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Practice Guideline
. 2025 Jan;52(2):510-538.
doi: 10.1007/s00259-024-06915-3. Epub 2024 Oct 10.

EANM/SNMMI guideline/procedure standard for [18F]FDG hybrid PET use in infection and inflammation in adults v2.0

Gad Abikhzer  1 , Giorgio Treglia  2   3   4 , Matthieu Pelletier-Galarneau  5 , John Buscombe  6 , Arturo Chiti  7 , Elizabeth H Dibble  8 , Andor W J M Glaudemans  9 , Christopher J Palestro  10 , Mike Sathekge  11 , Alberto Signore  12 , Francois Jamar  13 , Ora Israel  14 , Olivier Gheysens  13
Affiliations
Practice Guideline

EANM/SNMMI guideline/procedure standard for [18F]FDG hybrid PET use in infection and inflammation in adults v2.0

Gad Abikhzer et al. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025 Jan.

Abstract

Introduction: Hybrid [18F]FDG PET imaging is currently the method of choice for a wide variety of infectious and inflammatory disorders and was recently adopted in several clinical guidelines. A large amount of evidence-based articles, guidelines and appropriate use criteria have been published since the first version of this guideline in 2013.

Purpose: To provide updated evidence-based information to assist physicians in recommending, performing and interpreting hybrid [18F]FDG PET examinations for infectious and inflammatory disorders in the adult population.

Methods: A systematic literature search of evidence-based articles using whole-body [18F]FDG hybrid imaging on the indications covered within this guideline was performed. All systematic reviews and meta-analyses published within the last 10 years until January 2023 were identified in PubMed/Medline or Cochrane. For each indication covered in this manuscript, diagnostic performance was provided based on meta-analyses or systematic reviews. If not available, results from prospective or retrospective studies were considered based on predefined selection criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid [18F]FDG PET is extremely useful in the work-up and management of adults with infectious and inflammatory diseases, as supported by extensive and rapidly growing evidence-based literature and adoption in clinical guidelines. Practical recommendations are provided describing evidence-based indications as well as interpretation criteria and pitfalls. Monitoring treatment response is the most challenging but insufficiently studied potential application in infection and inflammation imaging.

Keywords: Guideline; Infection; Inflammation; PET/CT; Procedure standard; [18F]FDG.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval: This guideline did not involve human participants or animals, and hence was exempt from institutional review board approval. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent to publish: Not applicable. Conflicts of interest: Authors Mike Machaba Sathekge, Ora Israel, and Arturo Chiti are editors of this journal. GA: Novartis – Advanced Accelerator Applications- speaker honoraria GT: nothing to disclose MP-G: supported by a Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé (FRQ-S) clinical research scholar award JB: nothing to disclose AC: Novartis – Advanced Accelerator Applications, advisory boards and speaker honoraria; Sirtex, speaker honorarium; General Electric Healthcare, speaker honorarium; Telix, advisory board; Bracco, speaker honorarium; European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Editor in Chief EHD: nothing to disclose AWJMG: nothing to disclose CJP: nothing to disclose MS: nothing to disclose AS: nothing to disclose FJ: nothing to disclose OI: GE Healthcare- consultant OG: nothing to disclose

References

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