Disseminated Tuberculosis: Rare Presentation

Abstract

India contributes to 26% of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden, with very high mortality and morbidity. The exact incidence of disseminated TB cannot be established among the general population but accounts for <2% of cases among immunocompromised hosts and constitutes 20% of all extrapulmonary TB cases. Disseminated TB has a very high mortality rate of around 25-30%. Miliary TB, a disseminated form, is another entity of TB that poses a health burden due to its difficulty in diagnosis. This entity usually presents with subclinical symptoms and poses a diagnostic challenge in the absence of specific diagnostic tests. We present a case of a young female with epistaxis and thrombocytopenia who was diagnosed with disseminated TB [miliary, bone cyst, bone marrow (BM) involvement].