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. 2024 Sep 10;16(9):e69065.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.69065. eCollection 2024 Sep.

Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Factors Among Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Second-Generation Antipsychotics at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Melak Gedamu Beyene  1 , Solomon Teferra  2 , Teferi G Fenta  1
Affiliations

Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Factors Among Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Second-Generation Antipsychotics at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Melak Gedamu Beyene et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) encompasses a group of risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases, thereby increasing the mortality rate. Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are known for these side effects. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and its associated factors at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 3, 2022, to August 31, 2023. Fasting blood sugar and lipid analysis were performed using the Dimension® EXL™ 200 Integrated Chemistry System (Siemens Healthineers, Malvern, PA, USA). A diagnosis of MetS was established using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III) criteria. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25 (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was employed, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 271 participants were enrolled in the study. Most subjects were male (90%) and had a mean age of 34.2 years, with an SD of 10.5. Most participants (70.8%) had abnormal waist circumference, followed by lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) at 42.8%. The prevalence of MetS was 35.8%. Gender (being female) (adjusted odds ratio or AOR 3, 95% CI: 1.2-7.4; p = 0.02) and olanzapine use (AOR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.7; p = 0.005) were predictors of MetS. Conclusions MetS is highly prevalent in patients treated with SGAs. Being female and olanzapine use were predictors of MetS. Clinicians managing these patients should screen and monitor the metabolic components used to diagnose MetS.

Keywords: associated factors; ethiopia; metabolic syndrome; schizophrenia; second-generation antipsychotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences and Ethical Review Committee of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital issued approval AAUMF 03-008/AM-140-2-48. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Metabolic biomarker abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics, Ethiopia (N = 271).
WC: Waist circumference; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; BP: Blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure
Figure 2
Figure 2. Metabolic biomarker abnormalities in gender differences in patients with schizophrenia, Ethiopia (N = 271).
WC: Waist circumference; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; BP: Blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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