Efficacy and safety of abatacept in preclinical rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Objective: Abatacept is a biological DMARD that has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the literature on its use in preclinical Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is limited. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of abatacept in preclinical RA.

Study design: This meta-analysis intends to assess the effectiveness and safety of abatacept in persons who are at a high risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during the pre-clinical phase. The analysis comprises of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving atotal of 367 participants. The study follows the procedures specified in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA statemen RESULTS: The meta-analysis found that abatacept significantly reduced the risk of developing RA compared to placebo (RR: 0.67; 95 % CI: 0.51 to 0.89; P = 0.006) and improved tender joint count (SMD: -0.40; 95 % CI: -0.63 to -0.18; P = 0.0004). Additionally, abatacept demonstrated a significant reduction in functional disability (SMD: -1.51; 95 % CI: -1.91 to -1.11; P < 0.00001), though no significant difference was observed in pain reduction. Safety analysis revealed no significant differences in the occurrence of infections, malignancy, or discontinuation due to adverse events between the abatacept and placebo groups.

Conclusion: Abatacept is a promising treatment option for slowing down the development of RA in people who are at high risk. It has a positive safety profile. Additional studies with extended follow-up periods are required to validate these findings and offer more substantial data.

Keywords: Abatacept; DMARDs; Early RA; Preclinical RA; Rheumatoid arthritis.