Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Feb;31(1):e14172.
doi: 10.1111/jep.14172. Epub 2024 Oct 13.

Impact of childhood trauma history on premenstrual syndrome in women of reproductive age: A cross-sectional study

Havva Yesildere Saglam  1 , Elif Gürsoy  2 , Ayşenur Karakuş  2
Affiliations

Impact of childhood trauma history on premenstrual syndrome in women of reproductive age: A cross-sectional study

Havva Yesildere Saglam et al. J Eval Clin Pract. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Aim: Premenstrual syndrome is a women's health problem affecting women of reproductive age. Early traumas may have negative effects on women's health. Childhood traumas are thought to be an important risk factor for the emergence of premenstrual syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and childhood traumas in women.

Method: This is a cross-sectional study. This study was conducted online between September 2023 and January 2024. The sample of the study consisted of 437 women of reproductive age, between the ages of 18-49, who did not have any obstacles to participating in the study. Personal Information Form, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale and Childhood Trauma Scale were used to collect the data. SPSS statistical program was used to analyze the data. [Correction added on 28 December 2024, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, 'SPPS' has been corrected to SPSS.] RESULTS: The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was 55.6%. Emotional neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse levels were found to be higher in women with premenstrual syndrome (p < 0.05). It was determined that childhood traumas increased the level of premenstrual syndrome in women (ß = 0.266). Childhood trauma explained 6.8% of the total change in premenstrual syndrome level (R2 = 0.068). Emotional neglect (ß = 0.163) and physical abuse (ß = 0.121) increased the level of premenstrual syndrome.

Conclusion: Childhood traumas were found to be an important factor affecting the occurrence of premenstrual syndrome and exacerbating its symptoms. Early detection of childhood traumas may prevent long-term problems that may occur in individuals.

Keywords: abuse; childhood traumas; neglect; premenstrual syndrome; women.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The effect of childhood trauma on premenstrual syndrome.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Akın Ö, Erbil N. Investigation of coping behaviors and premenstrual syndrome among university students. Curr Psychol. 2024;43(2):1685‐1695. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gnanasambanthan S, Datta S. Premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med. 2019;29(10):281‐285.
    1. Matsumoto T, Asakura H, Hayashi T. Biopsychosocial aspects of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2013;29(1):67‐73. - PubMed
    1. Takeda T. Premenstrual disorders: premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2023;49(2):510‐518. - PubMed
    1. Direkvand‐Moghadam A, Sayehmiri K, Delpisheh A, Kaikhavandi S. Epidemiology of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)—a systematic review and meta‐analysis study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(2):106‐109. 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8024.4021 - DOI - PMC - PubMed