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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Oct;52(10):3000605241282116.
doi: 10.1177/03000605241282116.

Association of four CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms with pemphigus risk: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Tarak Dhaouadi  1 , Awatef Riahi  1 , Taïeb Ben Abdallah  1 , Yousr Gorgi  1 , Imen Sfar  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Association of four CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms with pemphigus risk: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Tarak Dhaouadi et al. J Int Med Res. 2024 Oct.

Abstract

Objectives: This review aimed to summarize the existing data on the contribution of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) genes to pemphigus susceptibility.

Methods: An electronic literature search for eligible studies among those published prior to 30 April 2024 was conducted through the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. To minimize publication bias, an additional search was performed via the Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar search engines. Meta-analyses, together with subgroup analyses and meta-regressions, were performed for the following four CTLA-4 SNPs: rs231775, rs5742909, rs3087243, and rs733618.

Results: Combined analyses revealed a significant increase in pemphigus risk conferred by the CTLA-4 rs5742909*C and rs733618*C alleles. Conversely, there was no evidence of any significant association between the rs231775*G and rs3087243*G alleles and susceptibility to pemphigus. Subgroup analyses by ethnicity and pemphigus type (vulgaris or foliaceus) and meta-regressions did not reveal any significant difference.

Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that two of the four investigated CTLA-4 SNPs were significantly associated with increased pemphigus risk.Registration: This review has been registered on PROSPERO: CRD42024550668; available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024550668.

Keywords: CTLA-4; Pemphigus; autoimmune; meta-analysis; meta-regression; polymorphism.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicting interestThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram for study selection.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Summary of study risk of bias.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Forest plots for the association between the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) rs2304365 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and pemphigus risk by genetic model.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Forest plot for the association between the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) rs5742909 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and pemphigus risk by genetic model.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Forest plot for the association between the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) rs3087243 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and pemphigus risk by genetic model.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Forest plot for the association between the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) rs733618 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and pemphigus risk by genetic model.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Funnel plots assessing publication bias: symmetrical funnel plots with no evidence of publication biases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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