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. 2024 Sep 24;9(40):41314-41320.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03538. eCollection 2024 Oct 8.

Biotransformation of Geraniol to Geranic Acid Using Fungus Mucor irregularis IIIMF4011

Haseena Shafeeq  1   2 , Bashir Ahmad Lone  1   2 , Ananta Ganjoo  1   2 , Nargis Ayoub  1   2 , Hema Kumari  1   2 , Sumeet Gairola  1   2 , Prasoon Gupta  1   2 , Vikash Babu  1   2 , Zabeer Ahmed  1   2
Affiliations

Biotransformation of Geraniol to Geranic Acid Using Fungus Mucor irregularis IIIMF4011

Haseena Shafeeq et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Geraniol is an important component in essential oils of aromatic plants such as lemongrass, rosa grass, and many others. It can be converted to different high-value products by using microbes/enzymes. The present study aims at the isolation and screening of microbes showing efficient production of geranic acid (a high-value product) from geraniol (a low-value monoterpene). Mucor irregularis IIIMF4011, isolated from the soil sample of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass), showed biotransformation of geraniol to geranic acid. After optimization of reaction parameters, 97-100% conversion of geraniol to geranic acid was obtained after 72 h of incubation at 28 °C. Furthermore, the biotransformation reaction was also carried out in a 3 L fermentor (working volume 1.5 L), and 98.89% conversion was observed. Therefore, an efficient process of geranic acid production using M. irregularis IIIMF4011 was developed.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic tree showing evolutionary relationship of Mucor irregularis IIIMF4011 (LG) with closely related strains based on the ITS-based rDNA sequences. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 replicates) is shown next to the branches. The evolutionary distances were computed using the neighbor-joining method and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA 11.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of temperature on the production of geranic acid.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of biomass concentration on geranic acid production.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of substrate (geraniol) concentration on the production of geranic acid.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(A) Biotransformation reaction in a 3 L fermentor (1.5 L working volume) and (B) geranic acid production with respect to geraniol utilization in a fermentor.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chemical structure of geranic acid.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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