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. 2024 Sep;66(5):1049-1068.
doi: 10.5187/jast.2023.e86. Epub 2024 Sep 30.

Comparative study on the bioavailability of peptide extracts from Jeju black pigs and three-way crossbred pigs

Jae Won Jeong  1 , Ermie Mariano Jr  1 , Da Young Lee  1 , Seung Yun Lee  2 , Jae Hyeon Kim  1 , Seung Hyeon Yun  1 , Juhyun Lee  1 , Jinmo Park  1 , Yeongwoo Choi  1 , Dahee Han  1 , Jin Soo Kim  1 , Sun Jin Hur  1
Affiliations

Comparative study on the bioavailability of peptide extracts from Jeju black pigs and three-way crossbred pigs

Jae Won Jeong et al. J Anim Sci Technol. 2024 Sep.

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the changes in the bioactivities of peptide extracts (< 10 kDa) obtained from Jeju black pigs (JBP) and three-way crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc, LYD) before and after digestion. The results showed that the loin peptide extracts of JBP maintained high 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity after in vitro digestion. However, the iron chelating activity and antihypertensive activity of all peptide extracts were decreased. This study suggested that the peptide extracts produced through alkaline-AK digestion have sufficiently high antioxidant and antihypertensive activities; however, these activities were reduced after in vitro digestion. Meanwhile, the JBP loin and ham peptide extracts promoted high superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than that of LYD when administered to mice. Furthermore, the ham peptide extracts of JBP showed a relatively high antihypertensive activity in mice. Therefore, it is deemed that these peptide extracts from JBP are more bioactive than that of LYD, and can be used as bioactive materials.

Keywords: Antihypertensive activity; Antioxidant activity; Jeju black pigs; Peptide extracts.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.. Schematic diagram of the procedure for obtaining myofibrillar proteins and peptide extracts (< 10 kDa) from JBP and LYD.
JBP, Jeju black pigs; LYD, three-way crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc).
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.. Comparison of the 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity between (A) the loin peptide extracts from JBP and LYD, (B) the ham peptide extracts from JBP and LYD, (C) the loin and ham peptide extracts from JBP, and (D) the loin and ham peptide extracts from LYD.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. a,bLowercase letters indicate a significant difference in the ABTS radical scavenging activity based on breeds and within cuts after digestion (p < 0.05). A single asterisk indicates a significant difference in the ABTS radical scavenging activity before and after in vitro digestion (p < 0.05). JBP, Jeju black pigs; LYD, three-way crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc).
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.. Comparison of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhudrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity between (A) the loin peptide extracts from JBP and LYD, (B) the ham peptide extracts from JBP and LYD, (C) the loin and ham peptide extracts from JBP, and (D) the loin and ham peptide extracts from LYD.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. A,BUppercase letters indicate a significant difference in the DPPH radical scavenging activity based on breeds and within cuts before digestion (p < 0.05). A single asterisk indicates a significant difference in the DPPH radical scavenging activity before and after in vitro digestion (p < 0.05). JBP, Jeju black pigs; LYD, three-way crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc).
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.. Comparison of the iron chelating activity between (A) the loin peptide extracts from JBP and LYD, (B) the ham peptide extracts from JBP and LYD, (C) the loin and ham peptide extracts from JBP, and (D) the loin and ham peptide extracts from LYD Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
A,BUppercase letters indicate a significant difference in iron chelating activity based on breeds and within cuts before digestion (p < 0.05). A single asterisk indicates a significant difference in iron chelating activity before and after in vitro digestion (p < 0.05). JBP, Jeju black pigs; LYD, three-way crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc).
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.. Comparison of the reducing power between (A) the loin peptide extracts from JBP and LYD, (B) the ham peptide extracts from JBP and LYD, (C) the loin and ham peptide extracts from JBP, and (D) the loin and ham peptide extracts from LYD.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. JBP, Jeju black pigs; LYD, three-way crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc).
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.. Comparison of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity between (A) the loin peptide extracts from JBP and LYD, (B) the ham peptide extracts from JBP and LYD, (C) the loin and ham peptide extracts from JBP, and (D) the loin and ham peptide extracts from LYD.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. A,BUppercase letters indicate a significant difference in the ACE inhibitory activity based on breeds and within cuts before digestion (p < 0.05). a,bLowercase letters indicate a significant difference in the ACE inhibitory activity based on breeds and within cuts after digestion (p < 0.05). A single asterisk indicates a significant difference in the ACE inhibitory activity before and after in vitro digestion (p < 0.05). JBP, Jeju black pigs; LYD, three-way crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc).
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.. Dietary effects of the loin and ham peptide extracts from JBP and LYD on the (A) catalase (CAT), (B) peroxidase (POD), (C) superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activities in mice blood Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
A,BUppercase letters indicate a significant difference in the antioxidant enzyme activities between the breeds within the same cut (p < 0.05). a,bLowercase letters indicate a significant difference in the antioxidant enzyme activities between the cuts within the same breed (p < 0.05). A single asterisk indicates a significant difference in the ACE activity between the control and treatment groups (p < 0.05). CTL, control; JBP, Jeju black pigs; LYD, three-way crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc).
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8.. Dietary effects of the loin and ham peptide extracts from JBP and LYD on the ACE activity in mice blood.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. A,BUppercase letters indicate a significant difference in the ACE activity between breeds within the same cut (p < 0.05). a,bLowercase letters indicate a significant difference in the ACE activity between cuts within the same breed (p < 0.05). A single asterisk indicates a significant difference in the ACE activity between the control and treatment groups (p < 0.05). CTL, control; JBP, Jeju black pigs; LYD, three-way crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc).
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