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Review
. 2024 Sep 27:12:1432808.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1432808. eCollection 2024.

Understanding necrotizing enterocolitis endotypes and acquired intestinal injury phenotypes from a historical and artificial intelligence perspective

Alain Cuna  1   2 , Navin Kumar  3 , Venkatesh Sampath  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Understanding necrotizing enterocolitis endotypes and acquired intestinal injury phenotypes from a historical and artificial intelligence perspective

Alain Cuna et al. Front Pediatr. .

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a devastating disease in preterm and term neonates. Despite significant progress made in understanding NEC pathogenesis over the last 50 years, the inability of current definitions to discriminate the various pathophysiological processes underlying NEC has led to an umbrella term that limits clinical and research progress. In this mini review, we provide a historical perspective on how NEC definitions and pathogenesis have evolved to our current understanding of NEC endotypes. We also discuss how artificial intelligence-based approaches are influencing our knowledge of risk-factors, classification and prognosis of NEC and other neonatal intestinal injury phenotypes.

Keywords: endotype; machine learning; necrotizing enterocolitis; neonate; phenotype; prematurity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
NEC – a brief history in time. INC, International Neonatal Consortium; PAF, platelet activating factor; TANEC, transfusion-associated NEC; TLR, Toll-Like Receptor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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