Influence of bilateral transcranial direct-current stimulation on muscle strength and respiratory endurance: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial protocol

Abstract

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has become established as an effective therapeutic approach, employed to modulate cortical excitability in various conditions. Nonetheless, few studies have assessed the use of tDCS in improving respiratory performance both in healthy and in subjects with respiratory disfunction. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluated the outcomes of lung function, strength of inspiratory muscles, general strength after intervention with bilateral tDCS both in young and elderly female subjects. Eighty subjects were randomized into four groups divided by age (40 young and 40 elderly) and intervention vs. placebo. After a basal (day 1) evaluation all subjects performed two evaluation/intervention rounds with 48 to 72 h interval. Lung function evaluated with spirometry evaluation with Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 S (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC Ratio, Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV); Dynamic Inspiratory muscle strength evaluated with Powerbreathe and general strength with dynamometer. This study intends to understand the behavior of respiratory muscle strength and endurance after intervention with bilateral cathodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex in healthy young and elderly subjects, as a bridge for larger studies both in healthy and rehabilitation setting.

Keywords: Bilateral transcranial stimulation; Motor cortex; Respiratory muscle strength; Transcranial direct current stimulation.

Graphical abstract

Fig. 1

Study flowchart.

Fig. 2

tDCS placement, A) cathodic stimulation; B) anodic stimulation. Both young and elderly group with a 30-minute 2 mA stimulation versus no stimulation.