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. 2024 Sep 27:9:100869.
doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100869. eCollection 2024.

Steam explosion pretreatment enhances free/combined phytosterol extraction and utilization in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and its processed products: Insights from SPE-GC approach

Dan Wang  1 , Dong Li  1 , Qiuhui Xu  1 , Xin Lv  1 , Hong Chen  1 , Fang Wei  1   2
Affiliations

Steam explosion pretreatment enhances free/combined phytosterol extraction and utilization in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and its processed products: Insights from SPE-GC approach

Dan Wang et al. Curr Res Food Sci. .

Abstract

The study investigates the impact of steam explosion pretreatment on the distribution of free and combined phytosterols within rapeseed and its derived products. Utilizing solid phase extraction-gas chromatography (SPE-GC) analysis, we elucidated the composition and distribution of phytosterols in five rapeseed varieties and their corresponding processed oils and cakes. The results indicated that Zhongyou 516 and Xiwang 988 are richer in combined phytosterols, whereas Dadi 199, Zhongyouza 501, and Xiwang 291 have a greater concentration of free phytosterols. Steam explosion pretreatment significantly increased the extraction proportion of combined phytosterols in rapeseeds. Throughout the oil process, more than half of the total phytosterol content, specifically 57.0%, was transferred from the steam explosion-treated rapeseed into the rapeseed oil. The variety Xiwang 291 showed the highest efficiency in this transfer, achieving a rate of 61.7%. The study provides crucial data for the enhancement of rapeseed processing techniques and the efficient utilization of phytosterols. Moreover, the study highlights the potential use of the ratio of free to combined phytosterols as a discriminator for different rapeseed oil varieties, offering valuable insights for quality assurance and product differentiation in the industry.

Keywords: Dynamic change; Phytosterol; Rapeseed oil processing; SPE-GC analysis; Steam explosion pretreatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effects of steam explosion pretreatment on the composition and content of phytosterols in rapeseed (mg/kg). Values are means±standard deviations, n = 3 parallel determinations.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effects of steam explosion pretreatment technology on the composition and content of phytosterols in rapeseed oil (mg/kg). Values are means±standard deviations, n = 3 parallel determinations.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effects of steam explosion pretreatment technology on the composition and content of phytosterols in rapeseed cake (mg/kg). Values are means±standard deviations, n = 3 parallel determinations.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Analysis of the oil content in rapeseed, the residual oil content in rapeseed cake and the oil yield in oil processing with/without steam explosion pretreatment of rapeseed. Values are means±standard deviations, n = 3 parallel determinations. ∗means significant difference (P < 0.05), ∗∗indicates extremely significant difference (P < 0.01).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The dynamic changes of combined and free phytosterols in rapeseed during oil processing with/without steam explosion pretreatment of rapeseed. Values are means±standard deviations, n = 3 parallel determinations.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The VIP scores, PCA 2D Scores Plot and Heatmap of rapeseed oil after steam explosion pretreatment. Values are means±standard deviations, n = 3 parallel determinations. C-brassicasterol: Combined brassicasterol; C-campesterol: Combined campesterol; C-sitosterol: Combined β-sitosterol; F-brassicasterol: Free brassicasterol; F-campesterol: Free campesterol; F-sitosterol: Free β-sitosterol; Total CPS: Total combined phytosterols; Total FPS: Total free phytosterols; Total PS: Total phytosterols.
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