Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus Activate the CG45045 Gene in Drosophila S2 Cell Line

Abstract

The humoral immune system of Drosophila melanogaster, which is the best studied of all eukaryotes, is activated by the canonical IMD and Toll signalling pathways. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and genes encoding short polypeptides have been identified as potential regulators of the innate immune response. S2 cells are a macrophage-like cell line. They are used as a model system to study the molecular mechanisms of immune response gene activation. We used this cell line to study the effect of Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus bacteria on the transcription of the lncRNA-CR30055 and the CG45045 and CG44404 genes, encoding short polypeptides. We found that pathogens activate only CG45045, while the transcription levels of CR30055 and CG44404 remain unchanged. No activation of Cecropin C and some Bomanin family genes was observed, suggesting differing patterns of immune response gene activation in S2 cells and adult flies. The highest activation of CG45045 was observed between 6 and 12 hours of cell incubation with pathogens. The activation patterns of CG45045 after exposure to E. coli and M. luteus were similar, suggesting common mechanisms of transcriptional activation of this gene. Thus, CG45045 may be a novel gene involved in the humoral immune response of Drosophila.

Keywords: lncRNA; IMD; Toll; innate immunity; polypeptide.