Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Oct 15;12(1):552.
doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-02058-0.

Harm avoidance and incompleteness core motivations in obsessive-compulsive disorder: validation of the Farsi version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Trait Core Dimensions Questionnaire (F-OC-TCDQ) in Iran

Mahjoubeh Pourebrahimi  1 , Mehdireza Sarafraz  2 , Habib Hadianfard  1 , Nurallah Mohammadi  1
Affiliations

Harm avoidance and incompleteness core motivations in obsessive-compulsive disorder: validation of the Farsi version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Trait Core Dimensions Questionnaire (F-OC-TCDQ) in Iran

Mahjoubeh Pourebrahimi et al. BMC Psychol. .

Abstract

Background: Attention to the heterogeneous manifestations of obsessive-compulsive symptoms observed in clinical and nonclinical populations has motivated researchers to use tools to identify homogeneous subgroups of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. The Obsessive-Compulsive Trait Core Dimensions Questionnaire (OC-TCDQ) is used to evaluate two motivational dimensions of OCD (harm avoidance (HA) and incompleteness (INC)), which has been developed in recent years based on the core dimensions model, and to classify homogeneous subgroups. This study aimed to validate the Farsi version of the OC-TCDQ in Iran.

Methods: The psychometric properties of the OC-TCDQ were tested in two clinical samples (209 patients with OCD) and nonclinical samples (209 participants without OCD). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the two-factor structure. The measurement invariance between the clinical and nonclinical groups was evaluated. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha, split-half, and retesting (two-week intervals). Convergent and divergent validity were analysed with Pearson's correlation and the incremental validity of this scale in predicting Yale-Brown Obsession Scale (Y-BOCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores using hierarchical regression analysis. The discriminant validity of the two clinical and nonclinical groups was investigated with a t-test.

Results: Similar to the original version, the CFA showed a good fit for the two-factor structure. The invariance of measurement between samples, good internal consistency and retest reliability, and convergent and divergent validity of this scale were confirmed. The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated the increasing validity of this scale in predicting the Y-BOCS and BAI compared to the OBQ-44 (p < 0.05), and comparing the scores of two groups with and without OCD indicated its discriminant validity (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: These findings show that the Farsi-OC-TCDQ is a valid tool for evaluating the motivational dimensions of harm avoidance and incompleteness in Iranian individuals with and without OCD, and it allows us to compare the scores across groups.

Keywords: Farsi version; Harm avoidance; Incompleteness; Measurement invariance; OCD; Obsessive compulsive trait core dimensions Questionnaire (OC-TCDQ); Psychometric.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

References

    1. Fawcett EJ, Power H, Fawcett JM. Women are at greater risk of OCD than men: a meta-analytic review of OCD prevalence worldwide. J Clin Psychiatry. 2020;81(4):19r13085. 10.4088/JCP.19r13085. - PubMed
    1. Salehi M, Salarifar M, Hadian M. The frequency pattern of compulsive disorder - OCD. J New Cogn Sci. 2003;6(2):87–94.
    1. Mohammadi MR, GHanizadeh A, Rahgozar M. Prevalence of OCD in Iran. BioMed Cent Psychiatry. 2004;4(2):1–8.
    1. Rezazadeh Z, Zarani F. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and related cultural issues in Iran: a systematic review. Rooyesh. 2022;11(2):45–58.
    1. Fullana MA, Mataix-Cols D, Caspi A, Harrington H, Grisham JR, Moffitt TE, et al. Obsessions and compulsions in the community: prevalence, interference, help-seeking, developmental stability, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(3):329–36. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08071006. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources