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Review
. 2024 Oct 15;79(4):e27-e47.
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae421.

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: Patients, Principles, and Prospects

Minh-Vu H Nguyen  1 , Michelle K Haas  1   2 , Shannon H Kasperbauer  1 , Vinicius Calado Nogueira de Moura  1 , Jared J Eddy  1 , John D Mitchell  3 , Reeti Khare  1   4 , David E Griffith  1 , Edward D Chan  5   6   7 , Charles L Daley  1   2   6
Affiliations
Review

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: Patients, Principles, and Prospects

Minh-Vu H Nguyen et al. Clin Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing in incidence globally and challenging to manage. The 2020 multisociety treatment guideline and the 2022 consensus recommendations provide comprehensive evidence-based guides to manage pulmonary diseases caused by the most common NTM. However, with >190 different NTM species that may require different multidrug regimens for treatment, the breadth and complexity of NTM-PD remain daunting for both patients and clinicians. In this narrative review, we aim to distill this broad, complex field into principles applicable to most NTM species and highlight important nuances, specifically elaborating on the presentation, diagnosis, principles of patient-centered care, principles of pathogen-directed therapy, and prospects of NTM-PD.

Keywords: bronchiectasis; cystic fibrosis; mycobacteria; mycobacterium; mycobacteroides.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential conflicts of interest . S. H. K. reports consulting with AN2 Therapeutics, Insmed, and Paratek Pharmaceuticals; investigator work with Insmed; and speaker work with AN2 Therapeutics, Insmed, and Paratek Pharmaceuticals. J. D. M. reports consulting with Intuitive Surgical. D. E. G. reports advisory board work with Insmed and consulting with AN2 Therapeutics, Insmed, and Paratek Pharmaceuticals. C. L. D. reports grant support from AN2 Therapeutics, Bugworks, Insmed, Juvabis, and Paratek Pharmaceuticals; advisory board work with AN2 Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Cepheid, Hyfe, Insmed, MannKind, Matinas Biopharma, NobHill, Spero Therapeutics, and Zambon; consulting with Genentech and Pfizer; and data monitoring committee work with Otsuka Pharmaceutical and the Gates Foundation. All other authors report no potential conflicts of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

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