Assessment of Motor Imagery and Its Relationship to Functional Impairment in Post-Stroke Patients: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Motor and cognitive sequelae are common in patients who have experienced a stroke. Recent advances in neuroscience have enabled the development of novel therapeutic approaches, such as motor imagery, which facilitate motor learning. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between implicit and explicit motor imagery abilities and their correlation with functional impairment in post-stroke patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 36 patients who had experienced a stroke between March 2008 and March 2023. The capacity to generate both implicit and explicit motor imagery and to perform physical functions was evaluated. The relationship between implicit and explicit motor imagery measures was investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The factorial structure, which encompasses the capacity to generate motor imagery, whether implicit or explicit, and physical function, was subjected to analysis. Results: A correlation was identified between the time taken to identify images and the accuracy of this process, with the right hand (R = 0.474), the left hand (R = 0.568), and the left foot (R = 0.344) all demonstrating significant associations. Additionally, a notable correlation was observed between the two subscales of the KVIQ-10 scale (R = 0.749). No association was identified between the capacity to generate implicit and explicit motor imagery. Two- and three-factor solutions were obtained for the right and left hemibodies, respectively. On both sides, accuracy in identifying images and physical function constituted a single factor, while time to generate images for both hands and feet constituted a second factor. Conclusions: In conclusion, no significant data were reported regarding the association between the capacity to generate implicit and explicit motor imagery in the studied sample. However, the ability to generate implicit motor imagery was related to physical function, suggesting that it may serve as a screening criterion for implementing specific therapeutic approaches in post-stroke patients.

Keywords: assessment; motor imagery; physical function; stroke.

Figure 1

Performance measures. KVIQ-10: Kinesthetic and visual imagination questionnaire; FMA-UE: Fugl–Meyer upper extremity; FMA-LE: Fugl–Meyer lower extremity; FAC: Functional Ambulation Categories; BI: Barthel index.