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Review
. 2024 Oct 8;13(19):5972.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13195972.

Gender-Affirming Phalloplasty: A Comprehensive Review

Brandon Alba  1 , Ian T Nolan  1 , Brielle Weinstein  2 , Elizabeth O'Neill  1 , Annie Fritsch  1 , Kristin M Jacobs  1 , Loren Schechter  1
Affiliations
Review

Gender-Affirming Phalloplasty: A Comprehensive Review

Brandon Alba et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

The goals of gender-affirming phalloplasty typically include an aesthetic phallus and scrotum, standing micturition, and/or penetrative intercourse. Phalloplasty can be performed using both free and pedicled flaps. Complications include flap-related healing compromise and urethral issues, including stricture and fistula. Phalloplasty has high patient satisfaction and has demonstrated improvement in quality of life.

Keywords: gender affirmation; gender affirmation surgery; phalloplasty.

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Conflict of interest statement

Loren Schechter, MD, receives book royalties from Springer and Elsevier. All the other authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Demonstration of a patient after metoidioplasty (stage I phalloplasty) and radial forearm phalloplasty (stage II); the patient is now presenting for stage III uretheroplasty.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The senior author’s algorithm for masculinizing genital reconstruction for patients who desire urethral lengthening.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Preoperative markings for radial forearm free flap phalloplasty.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Postoperative donor site from a radial forearm free flap phalloplasty. A bilayer wound matrix was placed immediately after flap harvest followed by split-thickness skin grafting.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Postoperative result of a radial forearm free flap phalloplasty.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A). Preoperative markings for an anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap phalloplasty. (B). Thigh donor site after flap harvest. (C). Postoperative result of an ALT phalloplasty and the healed donor site.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A). Preoperative markings for an anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap phalloplasty. (B). Thigh donor site after flap harvest. (C). Postoperative result of an ALT phalloplasty and the healed donor site.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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