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. 2024 Oct 8;13(19):5990.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13195990.

Comparative Analysis of Heart Rate Variability and Arterial Stiffness in Elite Male Athletes after COVID-19

Mohamed M Ammar  1 , Noureddine M Ben Said  2 , Younes N Ben Said  3 , Ahmed M Abdelsalam  2 , Sergey P Levushkin  4 , Aleksey Laptev  5 , Mokhtar Inoubli  6 , Mehdi Chlif  7   8
Affiliations

Comparative Analysis of Heart Rate Variability and Arterial Stiffness in Elite Male Athletes after COVID-19

Mohamed M Ammar et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

This study investigated the long-term cardiovascular effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in elite male athletes by comparing the heart rate variability (HRV), arterial stiffness, and other cardiovascular parameters between those with and without prior COVID-19 infection. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 120 elite male athletes (60 post COVID-19, 60 controls) using anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, pulmonary function tests, HRV analysis, arterial stiffness assessments, hemodynamic monitoring, and microcirculatory function tests. Results: Athletes post COVID-19 showed significantly higher lean mass (p = 0.007), forced vital capacity (p = 0.001), and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (p = 0.007) than controls. HRV parameters did not significantly differ between the groups. Post-COVID-19 athletes exhibited peripheral vascular resistance (p = 0.048) and reflection index (p = 0.038). No significant differences were observed in the blood pressure, cardiac output, oxygen saturation, or microcirculatory oxygen absorption. Conclusions: Elite male athletes showed notable cardiovascular resilience after COVID-19, with only minor differences in vascular function. The maintained cardiac autonomic function and improved lung parameters in post-COVID-19 athletes suggests an adaptive response. These findings support the cardiovascular health of elite athletes following COVID-19 but emphasize the importance of continued monitoring.

Keywords: COVID-19; arterial stiffness; cardiovascular health; elite athletes; heart rate variability.

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