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. 2024 Sep 24;12(19):1905.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare12191905.

Gestational Outcomes Related to the Occurrence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Study

Samara Souza Stork  1 , Claudia Meurer Souza  1 , Josiane Somariva Prophiro  1 , Elizabeth Ann Brownell  2 , Betine Pinto Moehlecke Iser  1
Affiliations

Gestational Outcomes Related to the Occurrence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Study

Samara Souza Stork et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the main cause of hyperglycemia in pregnancy and is related to complications throughout the gestational and post-partum period.

Objectives: To analyze the pregnancy outcomes related to the occurrence of GDM in women and their offspring.

Methods: Third-trimester pregnant women were interviewed and monitored until childbirth. The diagnosis of GDM, blood glucose ≥ 92 mg/dL, was defined by the criteria of the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG).

Results: A total of 138 women participated, and there were 136 births (due to 2 fetal losses); 23 (16.7%) were diagnosed with GDM. The risk of complications during childbirth was higher among pregnant women with GDM (RR 3.40; 95%CI 1.65-7.00), as was the occurrence of cesarean birth (RR 1.9; 95%CI 1.46-2.59). The occurrence of preterm birth did not show a significant difference between GDM/non-GDM groups. There was a non-significant association in adjusted analyses of macrosomia (birth weight ≥ 4000 g) among newborns born to mothers with GDM (RR 1.27; 95%CI 0.67-2.38). For newborns born to pregnant women with GDM, there was a higher risk for the following outcomes: large for gestational age (LGA) (3.29 95%CI 1.62-6.64), low Apgar (4.98 95%CI 2.32-10.69), and birth asphyxia (9.51 95%CI 3.42-26.48).

Conclusions: The findings reinforce that GDM is an important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes for women and their offspring.

Keywords: gestational complications; gestational diabetes mellitus; hyperglycemia; pregnancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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