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. 2024 Oct 6;16(19):2823.
doi: 10.3390/polym16192823.

Investigation of Temperature at Al/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Interfaces When Drilling Composites of Different Stacking Arrangements

Brahim Salem  1 , Ali Mkaddem  2 , Malek Habak  3 , Yousef Dobah  2 , Makram Elfarhani  1 , Abdessalem Jarraya  2
Affiliations

Investigation of Temperature at Al/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Interfaces When Drilling Composites of Different Stacking Arrangements

Brahim Salem et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

This attempt covers an investigation of cutting temperature at interfaces of Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) made of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) stacked with an Al2020 alloy. GFRP/Al/GFRP and Al/GFRP/Al composite stacks are both investigated to highlight the effect of stacking arrangement on thermal behavior within the interfaces. In a first test series, temperature history is recorded within the metal/composite stack interfaces using preinstalled thermocouples. In a second test series, a wireless telemetry system connected to K-type thermocouples implanted adjacent to the cutting edge of the solid carbide drill is used to record temperature evolution at the tool tip. Focus is put on the effects of cutting speed and stacking arrangement on the thrust force, drilling temperature, and delamination. From findings, the temperature histories show high sensitivity to the cutting speed. When cutting Al/GFRP/Al, the peak temperature is found to be much higher than that recorded in GFRP/Al/GFRP and exceeds the glass transition point of the GFRP matrix under critical cutting speeds. However, thrust force obtained at constitutive phases exhibits close magnitude when the stacking arrangement varies, regardless of cutting speed. Damage analysis is also discussed through the delamination factor at different stages of FML thickness.

Keywords: GFRP/Al interface; delamination; drilling; stacking arrangement; temperature; thrust force.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Specimens used in drilling: (a) Al/GFRP/Al; (b) GFRP/Al/GFRP.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Charly robot CPR0705 experimental setup; (b) cutting force acquisition system; (c) temperature acquisition system.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic of positions of installed thermocouples.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Experimental setup Charlyrobot CPR0700; (b,c) tool equipped with thermocouples; (d,e) tool temperature acquisition system.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Scheme for measuring the delamination factor.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Thrust force recorded when drilling composite stacks at Vc=142 m min−1 and f=1 mm s−1. (a,b) GFRP/Al/GFRP stack and (c,d) Al/GFRP/Al stack.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Thrust force vs. cutting speed obtained when drilling hybrid composites at constant feed, i.e., f=1 mm s−1. (a,b) GFRP/Al/GFRP stack; (c,d) Al/GFRP/Al stack.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Temperature vs. time obtained when drilling composite stacks at Vc=119 m min−1 and f=1 mm s−1. (a) GFRP/Al/GFRP stack; (b) Al/GFRP/Al stack.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Peak temperature vs. cutting speed recorded at the tool tip when drilling composite stacks at constant feed, f=1 mm s−1. (a) GFRP/Al/GFRP stack; (b) Al/GFRP/Al stack.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Peak temperature vs. cutting speed obtained at the top and bottom stacking interfaces when drilling composite at constant feed, f=1 mm s−1. (a) GFRP/Al/GFRP stack; (b) Al/GFRP/Al stack.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Delamination factor vs. cutting speed obtained when drilling composite stacks at constant feed f=1 mm s−1. (a) GFRP/Al/GFRP stack; (b) Al/GFRP/Al stack.
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