Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Oct 1;25(19):10595.
doi: 10.3390/ijms251910595.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: A Bidirectional Association Based on Endothelial Dysfunction

Nikolaos Ktenopoulos  1 , Marios Sagris  1 , Maria Gerogianni  2   3 , Konstantinos Pamporis  4 , Anastasios Apostolos  1 , Konstantinos Balampanis  3 , Konstantinos Tsioufis  1 , Konstantinos Toutouzas  1 , Dimitris Tousoulis  1
Affiliations
Review

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: A Bidirectional Association Based on Endothelial Dysfunction

Nikolaos Ktenopoulos et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is regarded as a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. It is linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, all of which increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction (EnD) constitutes the main driver in the progression of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Several pathophysiological alterations and molecular mechanisms are involved in the development of EnD in patients with NAFLD. Our aim is to examine the association of NAFLD and CAD with the parallel assessment of EnD, discussing the pathophysiological mechanisms and the genetic background that underpin this relationship. This review delves into the management of the condition, exploring potential clinical implications and available medical treatment options to facilitate the deployment of optimal treatment strategies for these patients.

Keywords: CAD; NALFD; coronary artery disease; endothelial dysfunction; genetics; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; prevention; treatment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The multifactorial burden of NAFLD. Abbreviations: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ludwig J., Viggiano T.R., McGill D.B., Oh B.J. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1980;55:434–438. - PubMed
    1. Federico A., Dallio M., Masarone M., Persico M., Loguercio C. The epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its connection with cardiovascular disease: Role of endothelial dysfunction. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2016;20:4731–4741. - PubMed
    1. Chalasani N., Younossi Z., Lavine J.E., Charlton M., Cusi K., Rinella M., Harrison S.A., Brunt E.M., Sanyal A.J. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67:328–357. doi: 10.1002/hep.29367. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chalasani N., Younossi Z., Lavine J.E., Diehl A.M., Brunt E.M., Cusi K., Charlton M., Sanyal A.J. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology. 2012;55:2005–2023. doi: 10.1002/hep.25762. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Li J., Zou B., Yeo Y.H., Feng Y., Xie X., Lee D.H., Fujii H., Wu Y., Kam L.Y., Ji F., et al. Prevalence, incidence, and outcome of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia, 1999–2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2019;4:389–398. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30039-1. - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms