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. 2024 Oct 4;14(19):2860.
doi: 10.3390/ani14192860.

Preparation and Characterization of Cumin Essential Oil Nanoemulsion (CEONE) as an Antibacterial Agent and Growth Promoter in Broilers: A Study on Efficacy, Safety, and Health Impact

Muhammad Jabbar  1 , Irfan Baboo  1 , Hamid Majeed  2 , Zahid Farooq  1 , Valiollah Palangi  3 , Maximilian Lackner  4
Affiliations

Preparation and Characterization of Cumin Essential Oil Nanoemulsion (CEONE) as an Antibacterial Agent and Growth Promoter in Broilers: A Study on Efficacy, Safety, and Health Impact

Muhammad Jabbar et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

This research characterized and explored the effect of cumin essential oil nanoemulsion (CEONE) on broiler growth performance, serum biochemistry, hematological parameters, and cecal microbial count. Day-old (n = 96) broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatments with five replicates of three broilers each. The dietary treatments consisted of negative control (only basal diet), positive control (basal diet + 200 µL of enrofloxacin), 25 µL (basal diet + 25 µL of CEONE), 50 µL (basal diet + 50 µL of CEONE), 75 µL (basal diet + 75 µL of CEONE), and 100 µL (basal diet + 100 µL of CEONE). The broiler's body weight gain (BWG) after 42 days of treatment exhibited increased weight in the CEONE group (976.47 ± 11.82-1116.22 ± 29.04). The gain in weight was further evidenced by the beneficial microbe load (107 log) compared to the pathogenic strain. All the biochemical parameters were observed in the normal range, except for a higher level of HDL and a lower LDL value. This safety has been validated by pKCSM toxicity analysis showing a safe and highly tolerable dose of cuminaldehyde. In conclusion, this research observed the potential of CEONE as a multifunctional agent. It is a valuable candidate for further application in combating bacterial infections and enhancing animal health and growth.

Keywords: chicken; cuminaldehyde; essential oil; nanoemulsion.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
GCMS graph of CEO with maximum peak area: horizontal X-axis showing retention time and vertical Y-axis showing peak area for determination of the major compound.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Interaction between (a) EO and Tween 80, (b) sonication time and EO, (c) sonication time and Tween 80 on droplet size of CEONE. The red circles represent the central points.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Interaction between (a) EO and Tween 80, (b) sonication time and Tween 80, (c) sonication time and EO on PDI of CEONE. The red circles represent the central points.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Interaction between (a) EO and Tween 80, (b) sonication time and Tween 80, (c) sonication time and EO on zeta potential of CEONE. The red circles represent the central points.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) TEM micrograph image of CEONE: (b) normal distribution model of droplet size.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Oral bioavailability radar plot of cuminaldehyde and enrofloxacin.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Interaction of cuminaldehyde and enrofloxacin with sbmc.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Docking results of enrofloxacin with DNA gyrase inhibitor IV at −7.64 (kcal/mol) as lowest bonding energy.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Docking results of cuminaldehyde with DNA gyrase inhibitor IV at −6.47 (kcal/mol) as lowest bonding energy.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of E. coli and S. aureus under different concentrations of CEONE.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Cecal microbial count (Log 10 CFU/g).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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