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. 2024 Sep 30;13(19):3140.
doi: 10.3390/foods13193140.

Assessment of the Nutritional Benefits and Aflatoxin B1 Adsorption Properties of Blackberry Seed Cold-Pressed Oil By-Product

Jelena Miljanić  1 , Saša Krstović  2 , Lidija Perović  1 , Jovana Kojić  1 , Vanja Travičić  3 , Branimir Bajac  4
Affiliations

Assessment of the Nutritional Benefits and Aflatoxin B1 Adsorption Properties of Blackberry Seed Cold-Pressed Oil By-Product

Jelena Miljanić et al. Foods. .

Abstract

This study explores the potential valorization of blackberry seed oil cake (BBSOC), a by-product of cold-pressed blackberry seed oil (Rubus fruticosus L.), as a nutritionally valuable material with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) adsorption properties. The chemical and mineral composition, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity of BBSOC flour were assessed. BBSOC was found to be a significant source of fiber (62.09% dry weight) and essential minerals such as Fe (123.48 mg/kg), Mg (1281.40 mg/kg), K (3087.61 mg/kg), and Ca (1568.41 mg/kg). The high polyphenol content, especially ellagic acid, highlighted its biologically active potential. Moreover, BBSOC demonstrated effective biosorption of AFB1 under in vitro conditions at 37 °C, with adsorption efficiencies of 85.36% and 87.01% at pH 3 and 7, respectively. Characterization techniques including SEM, FTIR analysis, Boehm titration, and pH zero charge determination confirmed its AFB1 adsorbing properties. This valorization process reintroduces a secondary product into the food chain, supporting the circular economy and zero-waste concepts. Thus, BBSOC is nutritionally rich and effective in AFB1 biosorption, presenting potential applications as a food or feed additive.

Keywords: aflatoxin B1-adsorbing properties; biosorbents characterization; blackberry seed cold-pressed oil cake; mineral composition; nutritional quality.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Antioxidative activity of BBSOC.
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM micrograph of the BBSOC (a) before and (b) after AFB1 adsorption (×400).
Figure 3
Figure 3
FTIR spectra of the BBSOC before (green line) and after AFB1 adsorption (blue line).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Change in pHf with change in pHi of BBSOC for different ionic strengths of KNO3 solution.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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