Oral Administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8661 Alleviates Dichlorvos-Induced Toxicity in Mice

Abstract

Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphorus pesticide commonly used in agriculture for pest control, which may enter the organism from the food chain and cause harm. This study aimed to investigate the mitigation effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8661 (a strain of the bacteria) on DDVP toxicity. Sixty male mice were randomly divided into five groups including control (saline), model (DDVP), low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose groups, and alleviating effect was evaluated by determining body weight, pesticide residues, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and by histological analysis. The results showed that compared with the model group, body weight and acetylcholinesterase activity, and SOD, CAT, T-AOC, and GSH levels significantly increased, and serum DDVP content, MDA level, IL-1β, and TNF-α significantly decreased after administration of the L. plantarum CCFM8661. The study demonstrated that L. plantarum CCFM8661 exhibited a significant detoxification effect on pesticide toxicity in mice, providing a theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in mitigating pesticide-induced damage.

Keywords: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; dichlorvos; pesticide residue; probiotic.

Figure 1

Animal experimental design. NC, TD, LP, MP, and HP indicate normal control, model group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group.

Figure 2

Body weight changes of mice after administration of L. plantarum CCFM8661 and/or dichlorvos. NC, TD, LP, MP, and HP indicate normal control, model group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group, respectively (n = 12).

Figure 3

Pesticide (a) and AChE activity (b) changes in mouse serum after administration of L. plantarum CCFM8661 and/or dichlorvos. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 indicated different statistical significances. NC, TD, LP, MP, and HP indicate normal control, model group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group, respectively (n = 12).

Figure 4

Antioxidant capacity of mouse serum after administration of L. plantarum CCFM8661 and/or dichlorvos. (a) SOD activity, (b) CAT activity, (c) MDA, and (d) T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 indicate different statistical significances. Ns, non-significant. The horizontal line in each box represents the median. NC, TD, LP, MP, and HP indicate normal control, model group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group, respectively (n = 12).

Figure 5

Antioxidant capacity of mouse livers after administration of L. plantarum CCFM8661 and/or dichlorvos. (a) SOD activity, (b) CAT activity, (c) MDA, and (d) GSH activity. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, indicate different statistical significances. Ns, non-significant. The horizontal line in each box represents the median. NC, TD, LP, MP, and HP indicate normal control, model group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group, respectively (n = 12).

Figure 6

Cytokine level changes of mouse livers after administration of L. plantarum CCFM8661 and/or dichlorvos. (a) IL-1β level and (b) TNF-α level. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 indicate different statistical significances. Ns, non-significant. NC, TD, LP, MP, and HP indicate normal control, model group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group, respectively (n = 12).

Figure 7

Histological analysis of mouse liver and kidney after administration of L. plantarum CCFM8661 and/or dichlorvos. NC, TD, LP, MP, and HP indicate normal control, model group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group, respectively (n = 3).

Figure 8

Hierarchical cluster analysis of mice after administration of L. plantarum CCFM8661 and/or dichlorvos. NC, TD, LP, MP, and HP indicate normal control, model group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group, respectively.