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. 2024 Oct 1:11:1409344.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1409344. eCollection 2024.

Changes in haptoglobin genotype-based gene expressions upon the observance of dawn-to-dusk intermittent fasting: a prospective cohort study on overweight and obese individuals

Mohamed I Madkour  1   2 , Rasha E Hassan  3 , Naglaa M Sherif  3 , Samir Awadallah  4 , Nada M Farahat  2 , Dana N Abdelrahim  2 , Fatima A AlHasan  5 , Jalal Taneera  6 , MoezAlIslam E Faris  7
Affiliations

Changes in haptoglobin genotype-based gene expressions upon the observance of dawn-to-dusk intermittent fasting: a prospective cohort study on overweight and obese individuals

Mohamed I Madkour et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Introduction: Intermittent fasting (IF) has been reported to be involved in ameliorating oxidative stress and lessening the systemic-low grade inflammation that predisposes to chronic diseases. Gene polymorphism is currently a main determining factor for the metabolic responses to different dietary and lifestyle modifications.

Methods: The current study was designed to explore the effect of observing four-week, dawn to dusk IF by participants with obesity on gene expression of the anti-inflammatory CD163, oxidative stress, and bioenergetics enzymes (SOD2, Nrf2, and TFAM), as well as metabolic and cellular regulatory genes (SIRT1 and SIRT3). Further, the study aimed to find out how haptoglobin (Hp) polymorphism modulates gene expression of the aforementioned genes and to determine changes in relative gene expressions of the aforementioned six genes based on Hp polymorphism in response to IF. Haptoglobin genotype was determined for the study subjects, and gene expressions were determined using qPCR. Gene expressions were assessed before and at the end of four consecutive weeks, dawn to sunset IF.

Results: The expressions of CD163, SOD, NfF2, and TFAM genes have significantly increased at the end of IF. At the same time, SIRT3 significantly decreased, implying that observing four consecutive weeks of dawn-to-dusk IF may enhance antioxidative stress response and reduce systemic inflammation.

Conclusion: Participants with genotypes Hp2-1 and Hp2-2 revealed upregulation of the antioxidant genes in response to the metabolic stress induced by IF compared with Hp1-1, implying that Hp polymorphism plays a key role in shaping the body's response to dietary modifications such as fasting.

Keywords: Gene polymorphisim; calorie restriction; inflammation; nutritional genomics; oxidative stress; time-restricted eating.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relative gene expressions for the CD163, antioxidant (Nrf2, SOD2, and TFAM), and metabolic and cellular regulatory (SIRT1 and SIRT3) genes according to the Hp genotype for the study subjects. *p < 0.05.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Changes in relative gene expressions for CD163, antioxidant (SOD2, Nrf2, and TFAM), and metabolic and cellular regulatory (SIRT1 and SIRT3) genes before and after observing RIF month. **p < 0.001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Changes in CD163 gene expression before and after RIF based on Hp genotype. (B) Mean of differences in CD163 gene expressions before and after RIF based on Hp genotype. *p < 0.05.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Changes in Nrf2 gene expression before and after RIF based on Hp genotype. (B) Mean of differences in Nrf2 gene expressions before and after RIF based on Hp genotype.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(A) Changes in SOD2 gene expression before and after RIF based on Hp genotype. (B) Mean of differences in SOD2 gene expressions before and after RIF based on Hp genotype.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A) Changes in SIRT1 gene expressions before and after RIF based on Hp genotype. (B) Mean of differences in SIRT1 gene expressions before and after RIF based on Hp genotype.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(A) Changes in TFAM gene expressions before and after RIF based on Hp genotype. (B) Mean of differences in TFAM gene expressions before and after RIF based on Hp genotype.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(A) Changes in SIRT3 gene expressions before and after RIF based on Hp genotype. (B) Mean of differences in SIRT3 gene expressions before and after RIF based on Hp genotype.
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