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. 2024 Oct;15(5):377-395.
doi: 10.14740/cr1673. Epub 2024 Sep 16.

Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Adverse Outcomes of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jordan Llerena-Velastegui  1   2 , Almendra Lopez-Usina  1 , Camila Mantilla-Cisneros  1
Affiliations

Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Adverse Outcomes of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jordan Llerena-Velastegui et al. Cardiol Res. 2024 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is recognized within the spectrum of adult cardiomyopathies for its unique pathophysiologic features and clinical challenges. This condition exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic states to severe cardiovascular complications, making its diagnosis and management challenging. This study aimed to synthesize current data on the prevalence, diagnostic methods, clinical outcomes, and treatment efficacy of LVNC in adults to address gaps in understanding and management strategies.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of research from 2000 to March 2024 was conducted, focusing on studies involving adults diagnosed with LVNC. This approach aimed to collect data on the prevalence of LVNC, the diagnostic accuracy of different imaging modalities, clinical manifestations, and the impact of different treatment strategies.

Results: The study showed a prevalence of LVNC of 0.5%, with cardiovascular magnetic resonance outperforming echocardiography in diagnosis with a detection rate of 1.3%. Mortality and heart transplantation rates were 12% and 7%, respectively. Significant predictors of adverse outcomes included New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV, ventricular tachycardia, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), guiding a nuanced approach in tailoring therapeutic strategies to optimize patient care and outcomes.

Conclusions: This study advances the understanding of LVNC by refining diagnostic criteria and evaluating management strategies, highlighting the superiority of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. It identifies predictors of adverse outcomes and assesses treatment efficacy, urging precision in diagnosis and tailored treatments. Its comprehensive analysis and methodological rigor make it a key resource advocating a multidisciplinary approach to improve patient outcomes in LVNC.

Keywords: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance; Clinical outcomes; Diagnostic criteria; Left ventricular noncompaction; Treatment strategies.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest to ensure the impartiality of the study.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA diagram for the study selection process. PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Funnel plot analysis of adverse outcomes in LVNC. LVNC: left ventricular noncompaction; CVD: cardiovascular disease; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; CI: confidence interval; NYHA: New York Heart Association.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot for the prevalence of LVNC in adult population. LVNC: left ventricular noncompaction; CI: confidence interval.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot for the prevalence of LVNC in adult population on echocardiography. LVNC: left ventricular noncompaction; CI: confidence interval.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot for the prevalence of LVNC in adult population on CMR. LVNC: left ventricular noncompaction; CI: confidence interval; CMR: cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest plot for the prevalence of mortality in adults with LVNC. LVNC: left ventricular noncompaction; CI: confidence interval.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Forest plot for the incidence of heart transplantation in adults with LVNC. LVNC: left ventricular noncompaction; CI: confidence interval.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Forest plot for the prevalence of heart failure in adults with LVNC. LVNC: left ventricular noncompaction; CI: confidence interval.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Forest plot for the prevalence of arrhythmic events in adults with LVNC. LVNC: left ventricular noncompaction; CI: confidence interval.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Forest plot for the prevalence of thromboembolic events in adults with LVNC. LVNC: left ventricular noncompaction; CI: confidence interval.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Forest plot for the predictors of death or heart transplantation in adults with LVNC. LVNC: left ventricular noncompaction; CVD: cardiovascular disease; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.
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